Investigation the Attitudes of University of Duhok’s Students towards Learning English as a Foreign Language
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25007/ajnu.v8n4a483Keywords:
attitudes, studying level, gender, learning English language, major, non-English majors.Abstract
This study aims at finding out the attitudes of non-English majors’ students at University of Duhok towards English language andearning, in general, and at University of Duhok in particular and exploring the reasons behind their attitudes. The study also investigates the differences in the participants' attitudes based on their major, gender, and studying level. For this purpose, a questionnaire mainly adopted from Gardner's (2004) "Attitude/Motivation Test Battery" was distributed to (259) students from six colleges affiliated to University of Duhok. These six colleges were divided into two groups: Sciences (College of Veterinary, College of Engineering, and College of Sciences) and Humanities (College of Law and Political Sciences, College of Economics and Administration, and College of Basic Education). The findings have revealed that students under study have expressed positive attitudes towards both the English language itself as a language and learning it as a subject of study. The study also has shown that there were no significant differences in the students' attitudes towards the study's variables due to gender and studying level, however, a significant difference based on the students' major was found.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
1. Abu-Snoubar,T.K. (2017). An evaluation of EFL students’ attitudes toward English language learning in
2. terms of several variables. International Journal of English Language Teaching, 5(6), 18-34. Retrieved from http://www.eajournals.org/wp-content/uploads/An-Evaluation-of-EFL-Students.pdf
3. Abidin,M.J.Z, Pour-Mohammadi,M. & Alzwari,H. (2012). EFL students’ attitudes towards learning
4. English language: The Case of Libyan Secondary School Students. Canadian Center of Science and Education, 8(2),119-134. doi:10.5539/ass.v8n2p119
5. Ajzen, I. (1989). Attitude structure and behavior. In A. R. Pratkanis, S. J. Breckler, & A.G. Greenwald
6. (Eds.), Attitude Structure and Function (pp. 241-274). Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/264666774 _Attitude_structure_and_behavior
7. Ahmed,H.A. (1989). The role of attitudes and motivation in teaching and learning foreign languages: A
8. Theoretical and Empirical Investigation into The Teaching and Learning of English in Iraq Preparatory Schools (Doctoral thesis, University of Stirling, Scotland, UK). Retrieved from https://dspace.stir.ac.uk/bitstream/1893/2133/1/ pdf
9. Al-Tamimi, A. & Shuib,M. (2009). Motivation and attitudes towards learning English: A Study of
10. Petroleum Engineering Undergraduates at Hadhramout University of Sciences and Technology. GEMA Online Journal of Language Studies, 9(2), 29-55. Retrieved from http://ejournal.ukm.my/gema/article/view/156/132
11. Albarracin, D., Wang, W., Li,H., & Noguchi,K. (2008). Structure of attitudes: Judgments, Memory, and
12. Implications for Change. In W.D.Crano and R.Prislin (Eds.), Attitudes and Attitude Change (pp.19-41). New York: Psychology Press.
13. Albarracin,D., Zanna,M.P., Johnson, B.T. & Kumkale, G.T. (2005). Attitudes:
14. Introduction and Scope. In D. Albarracin, B.T. Johnson, and M.P. Zanna (Eds.). The Handbook of Attitudes (pp.3-19). Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/.pdf
15. Allport,G.W. (1935). Attitudes. In C. Murchison (Ed.), Handbook of Social Psychology. Retrieved from
16. http://web.comhem.se/u52239948/08/allport35.pdf
17. Alshaar,B.E. (1997). Attitudes and motivation of second language learners in Kuwait (MA Thesis, Iowa
18. State University, USA). Retrieved from https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://www.google.com/
19. Banaji,M.R. & Heiphetz,L. (2015). Attitudes. In S.T.Fiske, D.T.Gilbert, & G.Lindzey (Eds.), Handbook
20. of Social Psychology (5th ed., pp. 348-388). Retrieved from https://docplayer.net/20831257-Attitudes-chapter-10.html
21. Bizer, G., Barden, J., & Petty, R. E. (2003). Attitudes. In L. Nadel et al. (Eds.) Encvclopedia of comitive
22. science. (Vol. 1, pp. 247-253). Hampshire, England: MacMillan. Retrieved from http://www.psy.ohio-state.edu/petty/documents/2003ENCYCOGPSYBizerBardenPetty.pdf
23. Breckler,S.J. (1984). Empirical validation of the affect, behaviour, and cognition as distinct components
24. of attitude. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 47(6), 1191-1205. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Steven_Breckler/publication/16669521_
25. Bogardus, E. S. (1931). Fundamentals of Social Psychology (2nd ed.) New York: D.Appleton-Century
26. Company. Retrieved from https://ia801900.us.archive.org/18/items/
27. Brown,H.D. (2000) Principles of Language Teaching and Learning (4th ed.). USA, NY: Longman.
28. Chairat,P. (2015). Attitudes and motivation of non-English major students towards learning English as a
29. foreign language: A Case Study. AJE, 1(1), 69-3. Retrieved from http://aje.research.dusit.ac.th/upload/file/Flie_journal_pdf_10-01-2017_140150.pdf
30. Charoensuk,V. and Jaipetch,D. (2017). Attitudes toward English: A study of First-Year Students at King
31. Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok. Journal of Advances in Humanities and Social Sciences, 3(1), 42-57. DOI: 10.20474/jahss-3.1.4
32. Durer,Z.S. & Sayar,E. (2012). An anlysis of Turkish students' attitudes towards English in speaking
33. classes: Voice your Thoughts! Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 70, 1574 – 1579. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.01.225
34. Eshghinejad,S. (2016). EFL students’ attitudes toward learning English language: The case study of
35. Kashan University students. Cogent Education, 3, 1-13. Retrieved ofrom http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/2331186X.2016.1236434
36. Fazio, R.H. (1986). How do attitudes guide behavior? In R.M.Sorrentino & E.T. Higgins (Eds.).
37. Handbook of motivation and cognition: Foundations of Social Behavior (pp.204-243). New York: Guilford Press. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/240032990_
38. Fakeye, D. (2010). Students’ Personal Variables as Correlates of Academic Achievement in English as a
39. Second Language in Nigeria. Journal of Social Sciences, 22(3), 205-211. Retrieved from https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/.pdf
40. Franzoi, S.L. (2003). Social Psychology (3rd Ed.). McGraw-Hill Higher Education: New York, USA.
41. Gajalakshmi.N. (2013). High school students' attitudes towards learning English language. International
42. Journal of Scientific Research Publications, 3(9), 1-7. Retrieved from http://www.ijsrp.org/.pdf
43. Gardner,R.C. (1985). Social psychology and second language learning: The Role of Attitudes and
44. Motivation. In H. Giles (Ed.), The Social Psychology of Language. London: Edward Arnold.
45. Greenwald,A.G. (1989). Why are attitudes important? In A. R. Pratkanis, S.J.Breckler, & A.G.
46. Greenwald (Eds.), Attitude Structure and Function (pp. 1-10). Retrieved from https://faculty.washington.edu/agg/pdf/pdf
47. Ghazvini,S.D. & Khajehpour,M. (2011). Attitudes and motivation in learning English as second
48. language in high school students. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 15, 1209–1213. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.03.264
49. Hama,H.Q. (2017). The Kurds’ attitudes towards the Arabs and learning Arabic language: A
50. Sociolinguistics Case in Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Journal of Raparin University, 4(13),15-28. Retrieved from http://journal.uor.edu.krd/No_13/English/74.pdf
51. Heinzmann,S. (2009). "Girls are better at language learning than boys": Do stereotypic beliefs about
52. language learning contribute to girls' higher motivation to learn English in primary school?. Bulletin VALS-ASLA (Swiss association of applied linguistics), 89, 19-36. Retrieved from https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/20644378.pdf
53. Ianos, M.A. (2014). Language attitudes in a multilingual and multicultural context: The Case of
54. Autochthonous and Immigrant Students in Catalonia (PHD Dissertation, University of Lleida, Spain). Retrieved from https://www.tdx.cat/bitstream/handle/10803/132963/Tmai1de1.pdf?sequence=4&isAllowed=y
55. Jain,V. (2014). 3D model of attitude. International Journal of Advanced Research in Management and
56. Social Sciences, 3(3). 1-12. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/
57. Koç, E.G. (2015). Language attitudes: Investigating Language Attitudes towards English Loanwords in
58. Dutch Advertisements (MA Thesis, Leiden University, The Netherlands). Retrieved from https://openaccess.leidenuniv.nl/bitstream/handle/.pdf
59. Lafaye,B.E. & Tsuda,S. (2002). Attitudes towards English language learning in higher education in
60. Japan, and the place of English in Japanese society. Intercultural Communication Studies, 11(3), 145-161. Retrieved from https://web.uri.edu/iaics/files/13-Beverley-Elsom-Lafaye-Sanae-Tsuda.pdf
61. Liu,H.j. & Warden,C.A. (1998). Different attitudes among non-English major EFL students. The
62. Internet TESL Journal, 4(10). Retrieved from http://iteslj.org/Articles/Warden-Difference/
63. Ma,D. (2014). Gender Differences in the Undergraduates’ Attitudes towards EFL. Journal of Language
64. Teaching and Research, 5(6), 1348-1352. doi:10.4304/jltr.5.6.1348-1352
65. Magogwe, J. M. (1995). Language attitudes in relation to language functions: an investigation of the
66. attitudes of the Botswana Cambridge 'O' Level Senior Certificate (COSC) students (MA Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Australia). Retrieved from http://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1181
67. Mondal, N.K. (2012). Attitudes towards English among Bangladeshi students: college level education.
68. Academia Arena, 4(3), 24-30. Retrieved from http://sciencepub.net/academia/.pdf
69. Murphy, G., & Murphy,L.B. (1931). Experimental Social Psychology. New York: Harper and Brothers.
70. Naqeeb,H. & Zaued,M. (2014). Attitudes of Law students at the Arab American University– Jenin
71. towards learning English as a foreign language. Journal of the Arab American University, 0(0), 1-15. Retrieved from http://www.aauj.edu/Research/Journals/journal-arab-american-university/
72. Neuliep,J.W., Hintz,S.M. & McCroskey,J.C. (2005). The Influence of Ethnocentrism in Organizational
73. Contexts: Perceptions of Interviewee and Managerial Attractiveness, Credibility, and Effectiveness. Communication Quarterly, 53(1), 41-56. DOl: 10.1080/01463370500055954
74. Olson,J.M. & Maio,G.R. (2003). Attitudes in social behavior.In T. Millon, M.J. Lerner &I.B.Weiner
75. (Eds.), Handbook of psychology: personality and social psychology (5th vol., pp.299-318). Hoboken, New Jersey:John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
76. Özdemir,M. & Çördük,D.K. (2018). Attitudes of students towards English as a foreign language:
77. Ardahan University, The Example of Social and Technical Vocational High Schools. International Journal of Languages’ Education and Teaching, 6(3), 347-360. DOI: 10.18298/ijlet.3097
78. Prislin,R., & Crano,W.D. (2008). Attitudes and attitude change. New York: Taylor & Francis Group.
79. Rahimi,M. and Hassani,M. (2011). Attitude towards EFL textbooks as a predictor of attitude towards
80. learning English as a foreign language. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 31, 66 – 72. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.12.018
81. Rukh,S. (2014). Students’ attitude towards English language learning and academic achievement: A
82. Case of Business Students in Punjab. European Academic Research, 2(4), 5596-5612. Retrieved from https://www.academia.edu/
83. Soleimani,H.& Hanafi,S. (2013). Iranian medical students' attitudes towards English language learning.
84. International Research Journal of Applied and Basic Sciences, 4(12), 3816-3823. Retrieved from http://www.irjabs.com/files_site/paperlist/pdf
85. Tanni, Z.A.I. (2015). Attitudes toward English among AL-Quds Open University Students in Tulkarm
86. Branch.World Journal of Education, 5(3), 139-147. doi:10.5430/wje.v5n3p139
87. Tran,T.Q. & Duong,T.M. (2013).The attitudes towards English language learning and use of self-
88. regulated learning strategies among college non-English majors. International Journal of scientific and Research Publications, 3(7), 1-8. Retrieved from http://www.ijsrp.org/.pdf
89. Unganer, T. (2014). First language loss; why should we care? Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences,
90. 158, 351 – 355. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.12.099
91. Zavala, G.G.O. (2017). Attitudinal and motivational factors: Performance, Attitude and Motivation
92. Change in a Mexican University Context (PHD Dissertation, University of Southampton, England). Retrieved from https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/.pdf
2. terms of several variables. International Journal of English Language Teaching, 5(6), 18-34. Retrieved from http://www.eajournals.org/wp-content/uploads/An-Evaluation-of-EFL-Students.pdf
3. Abidin,M.J.Z, Pour-Mohammadi,M. & Alzwari,H. (2012). EFL students’ attitudes towards learning
4. English language: The Case of Libyan Secondary School Students. Canadian Center of Science and Education, 8(2),119-134. doi:10.5539/ass.v8n2p119
5. Ajzen, I. (1989). Attitude structure and behavior. In A. R. Pratkanis, S. J. Breckler, & A.G. Greenwald
6. (Eds.), Attitude Structure and Function (pp. 241-274). Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/264666774 _Attitude_structure_and_behavior
7. Ahmed,H.A. (1989). The role of attitudes and motivation in teaching and learning foreign languages: A
8. Theoretical and Empirical Investigation into The Teaching and Learning of English in Iraq Preparatory Schools (Doctoral thesis, University of Stirling, Scotland, UK). Retrieved from https://dspace.stir.ac.uk/bitstream/1893/2133/1/ pdf
9. Al-Tamimi, A. & Shuib,M. (2009). Motivation and attitudes towards learning English: A Study of
10. Petroleum Engineering Undergraduates at Hadhramout University of Sciences and Technology. GEMA Online Journal of Language Studies, 9(2), 29-55. Retrieved from http://ejournal.ukm.my/gema/article/view/156/132
11. Albarracin, D., Wang, W., Li,H., & Noguchi,K. (2008). Structure of attitudes: Judgments, Memory, and
12. Implications for Change. In W.D.Crano and R.Prislin (Eds.), Attitudes and Attitude Change (pp.19-41). New York: Psychology Press.
13. Albarracin,D., Zanna,M.P., Johnson, B.T. & Kumkale, G.T. (2005). Attitudes:
14. Introduction and Scope. In D. Albarracin, B.T. Johnson, and M.P. Zanna (Eds.). The Handbook of Attitudes (pp.3-19). Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/.pdf
15. Allport,G.W. (1935). Attitudes. In C. Murchison (Ed.), Handbook of Social Psychology. Retrieved from
16. http://web.comhem.se/u52239948/08/allport35.pdf
17. Alshaar,B.E. (1997). Attitudes and motivation of second language learners in Kuwait (MA Thesis, Iowa
18. State University, USA). Retrieved from https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://www.google.com/
19. Banaji,M.R. & Heiphetz,L. (2015). Attitudes. In S.T.Fiske, D.T.Gilbert, & G.Lindzey (Eds.), Handbook
20. of Social Psychology (5th ed., pp. 348-388). Retrieved from https://docplayer.net/20831257-Attitudes-chapter-10.html
21. Bizer, G., Barden, J., & Petty, R. E. (2003). Attitudes. In L. Nadel et al. (Eds.) Encvclopedia of comitive
22. science. (Vol. 1, pp. 247-253). Hampshire, England: MacMillan. Retrieved from http://www.psy.ohio-state.edu/petty/documents/2003ENCYCOGPSYBizerBardenPetty.pdf
23. Breckler,S.J. (1984). Empirical validation of the affect, behaviour, and cognition as distinct components
24. of attitude. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 47(6), 1191-1205. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Steven_Breckler/publication/16669521_
25. Bogardus, E. S. (1931). Fundamentals of Social Psychology (2nd ed.) New York: D.Appleton-Century
26. Company. Retrieved from https://ia801900.us.archive.org/18/items/
27. Brown,H.D. (2000) Principles of Language Teaching and Learning (4th ed.). USA, NY: Longman.
28. Chairat,P. (2015). Attitudes and motivation of non-English major students towards learning English as a
29. foreign language: A Case Study. AJE, 1(1), 69-3. Retrieved from http://aje.research.dusit.ac.th/upload/file/Flie_journal_pdf_10-01-2017_140150.pdf
30. Charoensuk,V. and Jaipetch,D. (2017). Attitudes toward English: A study of First-Year Students at King
31. Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok. Journal of Advances in Humanities and Social Sciences, 3(1), 42-57. DOI: 10.20474/jahss-3.1.4
32. Durer,Z.S. & Sayar,E. (2012). An anlysis of Turkish students' attitudes towards English in speaking
33. classes: Voice your Thoughts! Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 70, 1574 – 1579. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.01.225
34. Eshghinejad,S. (2016). EFL students’ attitudes toward learning English language: The case study of
35. Kashan University students. Cogent Education, 3, 1-13. Retrieved ofrom http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/2331186X.2016.1236434
36. Fazio, R.H. (1986). How do attitudes guide behavior? In R.M.Sorrentino & E.T. Higgins (Eds.).
37. Handbook of motivation and cognition: Foundations of Social Behavior (pp.204-243). New York: Guilford Press. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/240032990_
38. Fakeye, D. (2010). Students’ Personal Variables as Correlates of Academic Achievement in English as a
39. Second Language in Nigeria. Journal of Social Sciences, 22(3), 205-211. Retrieved from https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/.pdf
40. Franzoi, S.L. (2003). Social Psychology (3rd Ed.). McGraw-Hill Higher Education: New York, USA.
41. Gajalakshmi.N. (2013). High school students' attitudes towards learning English language. International
42. Journal of Scientific Research Publications, 3(9), 1-7. Retrieved from http://www.ijsrp.org/.pdf
43. Gardner,R.C. (1985). Social psychology and second language learning: The Role of Attitudes and
44. Motivation. In H. Giles (Ed.), The Social Psychology of Language. London: Edward Arnold.
45. Greenwald,A.G. (1989). Why are attitudes important? In A. R. Pratkanis, S.J.Breckler, & A.G.
46. Greenwald (Eds.), Attitude Structure and Function (pp. 1-10). Retrieved from https://faculty.washington.edu/agg/pdf/pdf
47. Ghazvini,S.D. & Khajehpour,M. (2011). Attitudes and motivation in learning English as second
48. language in high school students. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 15, 1209–1213. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.03.264
49. Hama,H.Q. (2017). The Kurds’ attitudes towards the Arabs and learning Arabic language: A
50. Sociolinguistics Case in Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Journal of Raparin University, 4(13),15-28. Retrieved from http://journal.uor.edu.krd/No_13/English/74.pdf
51. Heinzmann,S. (2009). "Girls are better at language learning than boys": Do stereotypic beliefs about
52. language learning contribute to girls' higher motivation to learn English in primary school?. Bulletin VALS-ASLA (Swiss association of applied linguistics), 89, 19-36. Retrieved from https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/20644378.pdf
53. Ianos, M.A. (2014). Language attitudes in a multilingual and multicultural context: The Case of
54. Autochthonous and Immigrant Students in Catalonia (PHD Dissertation, University of Lleida, Spain). Retrieved from https://www.tdx.cat/bitstream/handle/10803/132963/Tmai1de1.pdf?sequence=4&isAllowed=y
55. Jain,V. (2014). 3D model of attitude. International Journal of Advanced Research in Management and
56. Social Sciences, 3(3). 1-12. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/
57. Koç, E.G. (2015). Language attitudes: Investigating Language Attitudes towards English Loanwords in
58. Dutch Advertisements (MA Thesis, Leiden University, The Netherlands). Retrieved from https://openaccess.leidenuniv.nl/bitstream/handle/.pdf
59. Lafaye,B.E. & Tsuda,S. (2002). Attitudes towards English language learning in higher education in
60. Japan, and the place of English in Japanese society. Intercultural Communication Studies, 11(3), 145-161. Retrieved from https://web.uri.edu/iaics/files/13-Beverley-Elsom-Lafaye-Sanae-Tsuda.pdf
61. Liu,H.j. & Warden,C.A. (1998). Different attitudes among non-English major EFL students. The
62. Internet TESL Journal, 4(10). Retrieved from http://iteslj.org/Articles/Warden-Difference/
63. Ma,D. (2014). Gender Differences in the Undergraduates’ Attitudes towards EFL. Journal of Language
64. Teaching and Research, 5(6), 1348-1352. doi:10.4304/jltr.5.6.1348-1352
65. Magogwe, J. M. (1995). Language attitudes in relation to language functions: an investigation of the
66. attitudes of the Botswana Cambridge 'O' Level Senior Certificate (COSC) students (MA Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Australia). Retrieved from http://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1181
67. Mondal, N.K. (2012). Attitudes towards English among Bangladeshi students: college level education.
68. Academia Arena, 4(3), 24-30. Retrieved from http://sciencepub.net/academia/.pdf
69. Murphy, G., & Murphy,L.B. (1931). Experimental Social Psychology. New York: Harper and Brothers.
70. Naqeeb,H. & Zaued,M. (2014). Attitudes of Law students at the Arab American University– Jenin
71. towards learning English as a foreign language. Journal of the Arab American University, 0(0), 1-15. Retrieved from http://www.aauj.edu/Research/Journals/journal-arab-american-university/
72. Neuliep,J.W., Hintz,S.M. & McCroskey,J.C. (2005). The Influence of Ethnocentrism in Organizational
73. Contexts: Perceptions of Interviewee and Managerial Attractiveness, Credibility, and Effectiveness. Communication Quarterly, 53(1), 41-56. DOl: 10.1080/01463370500055954
74. Olson,J.M. & Maio,G.R. (2003). Attitudes in social behavior.In T. Millon, M.J. Lerner &I.B.Weiner
75. (Eds.), Handbook of psychology: personality and social psychology (5th vol., pp.299-318). Hoboken, New Jersey:John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
76. Özdemir,M. & Çördük,D.K. (2018). Attitudes of students towards English as a foreign language:
77. Ardahan University, The Example of Social and Technical Vocational High Schools. International Journal of Languages’ Education and Teaching, 6(3), 347-360. DOI: 10.18298/ijlet.3097
78. Prislin,R., & Crano,W.D. (2008). Attitudes and attitude change. New York: Taylor & Francis Group.
79. Rahimi,M. and Hassani,M. (2011). Attitude towards EFL textbooks as a predictor of attitude towards
80. learning English as a foreign language. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 31, 66 – 72. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.12.018
81. Rukh,S. (2014). Students’ attitude towards English language learning and academic achievement: A
82. Case of Business Students in Punjab. European Academic Research, 2(4), 5596-5612. Retrieved from https://www.academia.edu/
83. Soleimani,H.& Hanafi,S. (2013). Iranian medical students' attitudes towards English language learning.
84. International Research Journal of Applied and Basic Sciences, 4(12), 3816-3823. Retrieved from http://www.irjabs.com/files_site/paperlist/pdf
85. Tanni, Z.A.I. (2015). Attitudes toward English among AL-Quds Open University Students in Tulkarm
86. Branch.World Journal of Education, 5(3), 139-147. doi:10.5430/wje.v5n3p139
87. Tran,T.Q. & Duong,T.M. (2013).The attitudes towards English language learning and use of self-
88. regulated learning strategies among college non-English majors. International Journal of scientific and Research Publications, 3(7), 1-8. Retrieved from http://www.ijsrp.org/.pdf
89. Unganer, T. (2014). First language loss; why should we care? Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences,
90. 158, 351 – 355. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.12.099
91. Zavala, G.G.O. (2017). Attitudinal and motivational factors: Performance, Attitude and Motivation
92. Change in a Mexican University Context (PHD Dissertation, University of Southampton, England). Retrieved from https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/.pdf
Downloads
Published
2019-12-30
How to Cite
Dewali, T. I., & Barany, L. K. (2019). Investigation the Attitudes of University of Duhok’s Students towards Learning English as a Foreign Language. Academic Journal of Nawroz University, 8(4), 371–392. https://doi.org/10.25007/ajnu.v8n4a483
Issue
Section
Articles
License
Authors retain copyright
The use of a Creative Commons License enables authors/editors to retain copyright to their work. Publications can be reused and redistributed as long as the original author is correctly attributed.
- Copyright
- The researcher(s), whether a single or joint research paper, must sell and transfer to the publisher (the Academic Journal of Nawroz University) through all the duration of the publication which starts from the date of entering this Agreement into force, the exclusive rights of the research paper/article. These rights include the translation, reuse of papers/articles, transmit or distribute, or use the material or parts(s) contained therein to be published in scientific, academic, technical, professional journals or any other periodicals including any other works derived from them, all over the world, in English and Arabic, whether in print or in electronic edition of such journals and periodicals in all types of media or formats now or that may exist in the future. Rights also include giving license (or granting permission) to a third party to use the materials and any other works derived from them and publish them in such journals and periodicals all over the world. Transfer right under this Agreement includes the right to modify such materials to be used with computer systems and software, or to reproduce or publish it in e-formats and also to incorporate them into retrieval systems.
- Reproduction, reference, transmission, distribution or any other use of the content, or any parts of the subjects included in that content in any manner permitted by this Agreement, must be accompanied by mentioning the source which is (the Academic Journal of Nawroz University) and the publisher in addition to the title of the article, the name of the author (or co-authors), journal’s name, volume or issue, publisher's copyright, and publication year.
- The Academic Journal of Nawroz University reserves all rights to publish research papers/articles issued under a “Creative Commons License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction of the paper/article by any means, provided that the original work is correctly cited.
- Reservation of Rights
The researcher(s) preserves all intellectual property rights (except for the one transferred to the publisher under this Agreement).
- Researcher’s guarantee
The researcher(s) hereby guarantees that the content of the paper/article is original. It has been submitted only to the Academic Journal of Nawroz University and has not been previously published by any other party.
In the event that the paper/article is written jointly with other researchers, the researcher guarantees that he/she has informed the other co-authors about the terms of this agreement, as well as obtaining their signature or written permission to sign on their behalf.
The author further guarantees:
- The research paper/article does not contain any defamatory statements or illegal comments.
- The research paper/article does not violate other's rights (including but not limited to copyright, patent, and trademark rights).
This research paper/article does not contain any facts or instructions that could cause damages or harm to others, and publishing it does not lead to disclosure of any confidential information.
