The relationship between Gender Inequality and Political and social integration
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25007/ajnu.v9n1a547Keywords:
Gender inequality, social integration, political integration, scatter plot, multi regression analysis.Abstract
This study examines the relationship between gender inequality and political and social integration, a critical links exist between economic, social and political variables in the quest to reach out of the reasons behind gender inequality for all citizens. This study suggests that political and social integration may increase the gender inequality positively or negatively. To test the proposed claims we need scientific analysis to produce meaningful results and significance. And here we develop our research question which is: how does political and social integration effects gender inequality?
Quantative data which I use in this paper comes from The Quality of Government (QoG) based on the cross-sectional data. The results covers 194 countries, the conceptualization and operationalization used in study on the impact of gender inequality will be reviewed. And the theoretical framework usually used to study peace operations contributions in quantitative research will also be summarized. Moreover, the main findings using codebook capturing results of dependent and independent variables will be presented, including the results of control variables influences.
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References
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11. Leary, M. R., Terdal, S. K., Tambor, E. S., & Downs, D. L. (1995). Self-esteem as an interpersonal monitor: The sociometer hypothesis. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 68(3), 518–530.
12. Leonard, K. I. (2003). Muslims in the United States: The state of research. New York, NY: Russell Sage.
13. Maciejewski, P. K., Prigerson, H. G., & Mazure, C. M. (2000). Self-efficacy as a mediator between stressful life events and depressive symptoms. Differences based on history of prior depression. British Journal of Psychiatry: Journal of Mental Science, 176, 373–378. Marcus, G. E., Neuman, W. R., & MacKuen, M. (2000). Affective intelligence and political judgment. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
14. Marx, G. T. (1967). Protest and prejudice: A study of belief in the black community. New York, NY: Harper & Row.
15. Matthews, D. R., & Prothro, J. (1966). Negroes and the new southern politics. New York, NY: Harcourt, Brace & World. Mays, V. M., Cochran, S. D., & Barnes, N. W. (2007). Race, race-based discrimination, and health outcomes among African Americans. Annual Review of Psychology, 58(1), 201–225.
16. McAdam, D. (1982). Political process and the development of Black insurgency, 1930–1970. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
17. McCluskey, M. R., Deshpande, S., Shah, D. V., & McLeod, D. M. (2004). The efficacy gap and political participation: When political influence fails to meet expectations. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 16(4), 437–455.
18. McDaniel, E. L. (2008). Politics in the pews: The political mobilization of Black churches. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press. Michelson, M. R. (2000). Political efficacy and electoral participation of Chicago Latinos. Social Science Quarterly, 81(1), 136–150.
7. Footnote
1. Guterbock, T. M., & London, B. (1983). Race, political orientation, and participation: An empirical test of four competing theories. American Sociological Review, 48(4), 439–453.
2. Finch, B. K., Kolody, B., & Vega, W. A. (2000). Perceived discrimination and depression among Mexican-origin adults in California. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 41(3), 295–313.
3. Dion K. L., & Earn, B. M. (1975). The phenomenology of being a target of prejudice. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 32(5), 944–950.
4. Haney-Lopez, I. (2000). The social construction of race. In R. Delgado & J. Stefancic (Eds.), Critical race theory: The cutting edge (pp. 141–151). Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press.
5. Campbell, A. L. (2003). Participatory reactions to policy threats: Senior citizens and the defense of Social Security and Medicare. Political Behavior, 25(1), 29–49.
6. Beber, B., Gilligan, M. J., Guardado, J., & Karim, S. (2017). Integration and Gender inequality, Liberia. International Organization, 71(1), 1–30.
7. Beber, B., Gilligan, M. J., Guardado, J., & Karim, S. (2017). Integration and Gender inequality, Liberia. International Organization, 71(1), 1–30.
8. Kinder, D. R., & Sears, D. O. (1981). Prejudice and politics: Symbolic racism versus racial threats to the good life. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 40(3), 414–431.
9. Kinder, D. R., & Sears, D. O. (1981). Prejudice and politics: Symbolic racism versus racial threats to the good life. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 40(3), 414–431.
2. Gamson, W. A. (1968). Power and discontent. Homewood, IL: Dorsey Press. Garcia, J. A. (2003). Latino politics in America: Community, culture, and interests.
3. Guthrie, B. J., Young, A. M., Williams, D. R., Boyd, C. J., & Kintner, E. K. (2002). African American girls’ smoking habits and day-to-day experiences with racial discrimination. Nursing Research, 51, 183–190.
4. Haney-Lopez, I. (2000). The social construction of race. In R. Delgado & J. Stefancic (Eds.), Critical race theory: The cutting edge (pp. 141–151). Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press. Harris, F. (1994). Something within: Religion as a mobilizer of African American political activism. Journal of Politics, 1, 42–68.
5. Howell, S., & Shryock, A. (2003). Cracking down on diaspora: Arab Detroit and America’s war on terror. Anthropological Quarterly, 76(3), 443–462.
6. Jalalzai, F. (2009). The politics of Muslims in America. Politics and Religion, 2(02), 163–199.Bottom of Form Jamal, A. (2005). The political participation and engagement of Muslim Americans: Mosque involvement and group consciousness. American Politics Research, 33, 521–544.
7. Jost, J. T. (1995). Negative illusions: Conceptual clarification and psychological evidence concerning false consciousness. Political Psychology, 16(2), 397–424.
8. Kim, J. (1999). The racial triangulation of Asian Americans. Politics & Society, 27(1), 1–34. Kinder, D. R., & Sears, D. O. (1981). Prejudice and politics: Symbolic racism versus racial threats to the good life. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 40(3), 414–431.
9. Krieger N. (1999). Embodying inequality: A review of concepts, measures, and methods for studying health consequences of discrimination. International Journal of Health Services: Planning, Administration, Evaluation, 29(2), 295–352.
10. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield. Gibbons F. X., Gerrard, M., Cleveland, M. J., Wills, T. A., & Brody, G. (2004). Perceived discrimination and substance use in African American parents and their children: A panel study. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 86(4), 517–529. Greenwald, G. (2012). NYPD spying program aimed at Muslims. Salon Politics News. Retrieved from http://www.salon. com/2012/02/22/nypd_spying_program_aimed_at_muslims/ Guterbock, T. M., & London, B. (1983). Race, political orientation, and participation: An empirical test of four competing theories. American Sociological Review, 48(4), 439–453.
11. Leary, M. R., Terdal, S. K., Tambor, E. S., & Downs, D. L. (1995). Self-esteem as an interpersonal monitor: The sociometer hypothesis. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 68(3), 518–530.
12. Leonard, K. I. (2003). Muslims in the United States: The state of research. New York, NY: Russell Sage.
13. Maciejewski, P. K., Prigerson, H. G., & Mazure, C. M. (2000). Self-efficacy as a mediator between stressful life events and depressive symptoms. Differences based on history of prior depression. British Journal of Psychiatry: Journal of Mental Science, 176, 373–378. Marcus, G. E., Neuman, W. R., & MacKuen, M. (2000). Affective intelligence and political judgment. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
14. Marx, G. T. (1967). Protest and prejudice: A study of belief in the black community. New York, NY: Harper & Row.
15. Matthews, D. R., & Prothro, J. (1966). Negroes and the new southern politics. New York, NY: Harcourt, Brace & World. Mays, V. M., Cochran, S. D., & Barnes, N. W. (2007). Race, race-based discrimination, and health outcomes among African Americans. Annual Review of Psychology, 58(1), 201–225.
16. McAdam, D. (1982). Political process and the development of Black insurgency, 1930–1970. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
17. McCluskey, M. R., Deshpande, S., Shah, D. V., & McLeod, D. M. (2004). The efficacy gap and political participation: When political influence fails to meet expectations. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 16(4), 437–455.
18. McDaniel, E. L. (2008). Politics in the pews: The political mobilization of Black churches. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press. Michelson, M. R. (2000). Political efficacy and electoral participation of Chicago Latinos. Social Science Quarterly, 81(1), 136–150.
7. Footnote
1. Guterbock, T. M., & London, B. (1983). Race, political orientation, and participation: An empirical test of four competing theories. American Sociological Review, 48(4), 439–453.
2. Finch, B. K., Kolody, B., & Vega, W. A. (2000). Perceived discrimination and depression among Mexican-origin adults in California. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 41(3), 295–313.
3. Dion K. L., & Earn, B. M. (1975). The phenomenology of being a target of prejudice. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 32(5), 944–950.
4. Haney-Lopez, I. (2000). The social construction of race. In R. Delgado & J. Stefancic (Eds.), Critical race theory: The cutting edge (pp. 141–151). Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press.
5. Campbell, A. L. (2003). Participatory reactions to policy threats: Senior citizens and the defense of Social Security and Medicare. Political Behavior, 25(1), 29–49.
6. Beber, B., Gilligan, M. J., Guardado, J., & Karim, S. (2017). Integration and Gender inequality, Liberia. International Organization, 71(1), 1–30.
7. Beber, B., Gilligan, M. J., Guardado, J., & Karim, S. (2017). Integration and Gender inequality, Liberia. International Organization, 71(1), 1–30.
8. Kinder, D. R., & Sears, D. O. (1981). Prejudice and politics: Symbolic racism versus racial threats to the good life. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 40(3), 414–431.
9. Kinder, D. R., & Sears, D. O. (1981). Prejudice and politics: Symbolic racism versus racial threats to the good life. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 40(3), 414–431.
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Published
2020-02-18
How to Cite
Hussein, Z. H. (2020). The relationship between Gender Inequality and Political and social integration. Academic Journal of Nawroz University, 9(1), 74–86. https://doi.org/10.25007/ajnu.v9n1a547
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