Economic Evaluation Air Pollution Removal and Oxygen Production based on I-Tree program for Atrush Forest/Kurdistan Region Of Iraq*

Authors

  • Shams-Aldeen M. Qaro Duhok Polytechnic University, Akre Technical College, Department of Horticulture, Duhok, Iraq
  • Zeki M. Akrawee Duhok University, College of Administration and Economics, Department of Economics, Duhok, Iraq

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.25007/ajnu.v9n1a548

Keywords:

Air pollution, Ecosystem Evaluation, Forest Economic, I-Tree Tools, Oxygen Production. * Part of dissertation of the first researcher.

Abstract

The objectives of this study are to testing the impacts of Atrush forests on the environment and oxygen production based on I-Tree program, function and management decisions that will improve human health and environmental quality. Human communities derive many essential benefits from natural ecosystems; these benefits represent important and familiar parts of the economy. What has been less appreciated up to this day is that natural ecosystems also perform fundamental life-support services without them human civilizations would cease to thrive. Evaluation of the vegetation structure, conducted during 2017. Data from 21 fields located were analyzed using the I-Tree Eco program. The most common species of trees are Pinus brutia (Turkish pine). Quercus aegilops (Ajo mountain scrub oak ), Plantanus orientalis (Oriental plane tree), Pistacia  atlantica (Mt.atlas mastic tree) as well as shrubs Crataegus  azarolus (Mediterranean Medlar), Junipours occidentalis (Western juniper), Prunus amygdalus (Almendro), Rhus coriaria (sumac spp), Nerium oleander (Oleander). Results show that the Pollution removal is ( 0.106 ton/year) referred  ($280 /year) for sum of surveyed trees and shrubs in Atrush location, and oxygen production is (2 ton/year) .That means there are a effected role of trees on ecosystem in selected area.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

1. Baldocchi D. D. Hicks, .B. Camara, 1987 .A canopy stomat alresistance model for gaseous deposition to vegetated surfaces.AtmosphericEnvironment.21:91-101.
2. Bidwell, R. .S. Fraser, (1972). Carbon monoxide uptake and metabolism by leaves. Canadian Journal of Botany.50:1435-1439.
3. Broecker, W.(1970). Man's oxygen reserve. Science168 (3939):1537-1538.
4. David J. Nowak , Daniel E. Crane, Jack C. Stevens USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station, 5 Moon Library, SUNY-ESF, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 4 (2006) 115 – 123.
5. Hirabayashi, S. 2012. iTree Eco Precipitation Interception Model Descriptions, http://www. Itree tools. org/eco/ resources/ I Tree_ Eco_ Precipitation_ Interception_ Model_ Descriptions_ V1_2.pdf.
6. Murray, F., Marsh L. , Bradford, P. 1994. New York State Energy Plan, vol. II: issue reports. Albany, NY: NewYork State Energy Office.
7. Naumoski A. (2016), “Estimating the Country Risk Premium in Emerging Markets: the Case of the Republic of Macedonia”, Financial Theory and Practice, No. 36 (4), pp. 413-434.
8. Nowak, D. 1995. Trees pollute? A"TREE" explain sitall. In: Proceedings of the 7thNational Urban Forestry Conference. Washington, DC: AmericanForests:28-30.

9. Nowak,D.J.2000. The interactions between urban forests and global climate change. In :Abdollahi, K.K. ;Ning ,Z.H.;Appeaning ,A.,eds .Global Climate Change and the Urban Forest . Baton Rouge,LA: GCRCCand Frankl in Press:31-44.
10. Nowak D, Hirabayashi,S,BodineA,Greenfield,E. 2014. Tree and forest effects on air quality and human health in the United States. Environmental Pollution.193:119-129.
11. Nowak D., Hirabayashi S., Bodine A. and Hoehn, R. 2013. Modeled PM2.5 removal by trees in Ten U.S. Cities and associated health effects. Environmental Pollution.178:395-402.9999.
12. Nowak, D., Crane, D.E.Dwyer,J.F.2002a. Compensatory value of urban trees in the United States .Journal of Arboriculture.28 (4):194-199.
13. NowakD.,Hoehn,R.,Crane,D.2007.Oxygen production by urban trees in the United States. Arboriculture &Urban Forestry.33(3):220-226.
14. Nowak, D., Hoehn, R., Crane, D., Stevens ,J. , Walton, J., and bond, J. 2008. Aground-based method of assessing urban forest structure and ecosystem services. Arboriculture and Urban Forestry. 34(6):347-358.
15. Ninan, K. 2014. Valuing Ecosystem Services-Methodological Issues and Case Studies. Edward Elgar Publishing. Cheltenham and Northampton.

16. Gretchen C. Daily, Panel Chair, Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305(1997).
17. Van Essen, H.; Schroten, A.; Otten, M.; Sutter, D.; Schreyer, C.; Zandonella, R.; Maibach, M.; Doll, C. 2011. External Costs of Transport in Europe. Netherlands: CE Delft. 161 p.
18. Zinke, P. 1967.Forest interception studies in the United States. In: Sopper, W.E. ;Lull,H.W.,eds. Forest Hydrology. Oxford, UK: Pergamon Press:137-161.

Published

2020-02-18

How to Cite

Qaro, S.-A. M., & Akrawee, Z. M. (2020). Economic Evaluation Air Pollution Removal and Oxygen Production based on I-Tree program for Atrush Forest/Kurdistan Region Of Iraq*. Academic Journal of Nawroz University, 9(1), 87–96. https://doi.org/10.25007/ajnu.v9n1a548

Issue

Section

Articles