Academic Journal of Nawroz University

Morphological Issues in the Interpretation of Mullah Muhammad Kuyi

2022-12-18T03:07:34+00:00

Mullah Muhammad Koyi wrote an interpretation in the Kurdish language entitled: (Tafsir Kurdish Lih Kalami Khudawandi) The Kurdish interpretation of the words of God the Creator, in ten volumes, and included various sciences, such as (jurisprudence and its principles, doctrine, and sociology...), including the linguistic sciences to which this man resorted. The interpreter in interpreting and clarifying the verses of the Holy Qur’an, in which there is employment (lexicography, morphology, grammar, and rhetoric) to explain the purposes of the Holy Word of God.
This research sheds light on the morphological issues with which Mullah Muhammad Kuyi interpreted Qur’anic verses, and guided them, relying on the use of morphology, and highlighting his linguistic thought in discussing the issues addressed therein according to morphological topics. The research included titles: the meanings of formulas, rationalization and substitution, the exchange between the meanings of derivatives, and the semantics of plurals.

Investigating Passive Voice Problems in Kurdish Students’ Translation from and into English

2023-07-23T15:40:01+00:00

Metaheuristic Translation is a means in which communication takes place between people who do not speak the same language and do not share the same culture. It is an undeniable fact that learners of language encounter problems in shifting a language into another using accurate aspects of the target one. This research looks at Badini-Kurdish students’ difficulties while translating passive voice structures from and into English. It also determines similarities and differences between English and Badini-Kurdish in terms of passive voice constructions. The participants of this study are 30 undergraduate students of the Department of Translation, College of Languages, University of Duhok. Two tests, i.e., an English language proficiency test and a translation test have been conducted for the purpose of data collection. Moreover, Larson’s (1984) model for translation assessment is used to assess the data obtained, combining statistical analysis with a qualitative evaluation. For data analysis, a descriptive method is used to explain the passive voice structure in both languages, a contrasted method is used to identify similarities and differences between the two languages, and a mixed method is used to accomplish the study’s goal. This research adds to the body of literature by illuminating the challenges and difficulties Badini-Kurdish students confront while translating passive voice constructs and offers insightful information for translators and language educators.

The Impact of Strategic Agility in Achieving Strategic Reputation: A Study of the Opinions of a Sample of Academic Leaders at The Universities of Newroz and Ceyhan/Dohuk

2021-05-27T12:36:48+00:00

This study seeks to shed light on the role of strategic agility in achieving a strategic reputation for private universities in Dohuk Governorate, as they are among the important service institutions that have a fundamental role in serving society and which face many challenges as a result of continuous and rapid environmental changes. Therefore, adopting modern management concepts in achieving reputation The strategy can help it face these challenges and achieve what it aspires to. The requirements for strategic agility were chosen: (speed of response, flexibility in providing services, ability to exploit opportunities, strategic innovation) to determine their role in achieving the strategic reputation of the universities studied. The questionnaire was adopted as a tool for obtaining data for the study, as the sample included (98) individuals distributed at several administrative and scientific levels (university presidents, their assistants, deans of colleges, and heads of administrative and scientific departments of the universities investigated). To test the validity of the hypotheses and answer the study’s questions, the descriptive analytical method was used. The study reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which is that if universities want to achieve a good strategic reputation in the sector in which they operate, they should focus on adopting the four requirements, as this helps them improve the speed of their response and then adapt them to developments in the environment and exploit opportunities to provide what is unique and thus achieve the strategic reputation that Aiming to achieve it. The study concluded with a number of proposals, the most important of which are: the necessity of enhancing the adoption of strategic agility with its aforementioned requirements in private universities in Dohuk Governorate to achieve a strategic reputation.

Feminism and its role in the embassies of the Khwarezmian state (621-628 AH / 1223-1231 AD) an analytical historical study

2023-08-15T06:58:04+00:00

The biography of the feminist is radically linked to the biography of Sultan Jalal al-Din Mankabarti (622-628 AH/1225-1231 AD), who wrote down the details of his relationship with the Sultan, and through those details a lot of information can be obtained about the personality of the feminist on the one hand, and about his works and the positions he held during the reign of the Sultan. On the other hand, after the Sultan assigned Al-Nasawi to the position of author of the creation, and then the embassies to the kings and sultans were among the most important stages of the historian’s life, because his personality was formed during them, and the importance of embassies at that stage of Islamic history also appeared, and on that basis the study included examining the most important of those embassies through His two books are “Naftha al-Masdar fi Fatur Zaman al-Futur wa Zaman al-Futur” and “The Biography of Sultan Jalal al-Din Menkabarti,” and then search for the extension of those embassies through other sources, especially those related to the Ayyubids.

Measuring the impact of inflation and government spending on economic growth in Iraq for the period (2004-2020)

2022-12-25T08:50:59+00:00

The study aims to identify the most important indicators of the development of the rate of economic growth, inflation, and government spending in Iraq for the period (2004-2020), to analyze the impact and determine the relationship between the study variables, and the estimation and testing process was carried out. For this, modern standard methods were used according to the following methodology: such as testing the stability of series. This was done using the Extended Dickey-Fuller (ADR) test, the optimal lag period test through the (VAR) model, and the Granger's Causality Test for directions of causality. Co-integration tests using one of the well-known methods are based on the results of static tests such as ( ARDL), and error correction model (ECM). And diagnostic tests for residues and structural stability tests. While the results reached the stationary test (unit root) that the (ARDL) methodology is the most appropriate for estimating and analyzing the significant relationship between the variables of the study, and it was shown through it that there is a long-term relationship between the variables of the study that we obtained during the bounds test for the long-term relationship that the value of (F-Bounds Test) is greater than the critical values of the upper and lower limits at a significant level (5%), as proven by a study that there is a short-term relationship that we obtained from the error correction model (ECM), meaning that it is possible to reach a state of equilibrium in the long run, and proven by diagnostic tests for the residuals. The model is free from the problem of autocorrelation of errors and stability of variance, using the LM and ARCH diagnostic tests. Granger's Causality Test proved that there is a causal relationship in one direction from inflation to GDP, and from GDP to public spending, while the results of the causality test showed that there is no causal relationship between inflation and public spending.

Discussing some Phonological Aaspects of Kurdish Through the Words befr and berf ”snow”

2023-03-31T06:33:52+00:00

”befr” and ”berf” are variants of the same word. They are used in different Kurmanji-speaking areas. Although the sequencing of [f] and [r] is the main difference between them, this variation leads us to investigate some aspects of Kurdish phonology. It also works as a sample for testing some phonological theories.

In this study, the sounds of befr and berf are described in phonetics terms and in the frame of distinctive features. Since one of the key questions of this study is why these two forms exist in Kurmanji, the phonotactics of their sounds within the frame of the Sonority Hiearchy and the Sonority Sequencing Principle is presented.

When befr is pronounced in isolation, an epenthetic [i] is inserted between [f] and [r]. This epenthesis changes the monosyllabic [befr] to a disyllabic [be.fir]. Therefore, syllabe types and stress placement in Kurmanji are also discussed here by presenting the theory of Metrical phonology and the moraic theory.
The study ends with answering the key question. The last section demonstrates why both forms of Kurdish ”snow” are acceptable by adopting Optimaltiy Theory.

Energy Efficiency in Wireless Body Area Network Using Various Radios

2021-04-22T11:35:28+00:00

Abstract

Wireless Body Sensor Networks (WBSNs) promote continuous and low-cost health monitoring for a better healthcare system. Sensors connected to a human body are normally battery powered devices with brief life times. IEEE 802.15.6 standard is the typical choice for low power ingestion and reliable short-range communication for WBSNs. In this paper, we have evaluated the performance of IEEE 802.15.6 standard for WBSNs. Our tests examined three radios while varying their transmission power and data rates. The results show that altering these parameters affected the number of packets delivered and overall system energy consumption. The effects are demonstrated using Omnet++ simulator and its Castalia extension for WBANs.

The position of religions on peaceful coexistence An analytical study of the nature of the relationship between Muslims, Christians, and Yazidis in Iraq

2023-07-06T20:00:35+00:00

The governorates of Iraq, including the governorates of the Iraqi Kurdistan region, are an inspiring model of peaceful coexistence between religions, as most of these governorates are characterized by cultural and religious diversity, as a multi-religious and multi-belief society lives in them. The community consists of Muslims, Christians, Yazidis and others. This study examines the phenomenon of peaceful coexistence between religions in Iraq and understands the reasons for its success and sustainability factors. The study shows that peaceful coexistence in Iraq is embodied in several aspects, including that local governments are considered a vital platform for promoting peaceful coexistence by adopting policies and programs that promote religious dialogue and interfaith understanding. Religious and cultural diversity in Iraq also creates a space for mutual learning and positive interaction between different religions. Moreover, society is characterized by coexistence and a spirit of tolerance between religions, and that religious and sectarian freedom is guaranteed for all religions, and that all followers of these religions have absolute freedom to practice religious rites and rituals. These religions have been brothers since ancient times, coexisting side by side in a spirit of brotherhood, sincerity, love among themselves, and cooperation in various fields without discrimination.

Reasons for prosperity and austerity in the Ayyubid state in Syria and Egypt (570 – 648 AD / 1174 – 1250 AD)

2023-08-03T21:35:20+00:00

The search for the causes of aggression in the Ayyubid state will be like any other state. It will be necessary for us to search for the reasons for the aggression in the Ayyubid state Come on. , Dig, Kulin, Hokarn, Diyard Da, there were also political reasons, especially the aggression by the state authorities, its kings or princes, as well as economic reasons and aggression. Less than the reasons mentioned.

Analyzing and Measuring the Impact of the Current Account on the General Budget (Double Deficit) of Iraq for the Period 2004 - 2020

2022-11-24T06:41:36+00:00

The Iraqi economy suffers from a structural financial deficit because government spending is linked to oil revenues, the growth rate of which exceeds the growth rate of non-oil domestic product. This has led to structural imbalances in the components of the domestic product, causing weak stability in Iraqi economic activity. Therefore, the research aims to explain the nature of the impact of the general budget on current account changes by tracking oil prices and the impact that the position of the current account has on public spending from the components of total revenues, and then reflecting this mechanism on all economic sectors and explaining the most important determinants of that impact, assuming that the Iraqi economy It does not have financial depth for the purpose of addressing the budget deficit when there is a deficit in the current account of the Iraqi economy during the research period (2004-2020). The inductive approach was relied upon by trying to give a comprehensive result about double disability, while using quantitative methods to analyze the available data and draw conclusions from it.
In the analysis to reach the most important results, it was revealed through the econometric analysis that there is a direct relationship between the position of the general budget and the position of the current account, and this explains the characteristic of the double deficit in the Iraqi economy during the research period. Therefore, it is necessary to work to increase the growth rates of public spending away from the growth of oil revenues.

Enhancing Security and Privacy in Distributed Cloud Environments: A Review of Protocols and Mechanisms

2024-01-28T08:34:37+00:00

As cloud computing becomes increasingly integral to data management and services, security and privacy concerns remain paramount. This article presents a comprehensive review of the current protocols and mechanisms designed to fortify security and privacy in distributed cloud environments. It synthesizes contributions from various research works, each proposing innovative solutions to address these challenges. Among these are a two-layer cryptographic algorithm that combines genetic techniques with logical-mathematical functions, enhancing encryption beyond traditional methods, and a novel symmetric-key block cipher that increases encryption complexity while maintaining flexibility. The paper also discusses machine learning applications for threat detection, the role of blockchain in trust management, and the importance of multi-cloud strategies to secure big data. Through comparative analyses, the reviewed methodologies show promising advancements in encryption, data integrity, and resource management, suggesting a robust framework for tackling the evolving landscape of cyber threats. The article underscores the need for continuous innovation and research to navigate the dynamic domain of cloud security, aiming for a future where data security and privacy are not just reactive safeguards but proactive measures embedded in the fabric of cloud computing.

Parliamentary oversight of budget implementation in Iraq

2023-08-01T08:55:36+00:00

State finances play an important and vital role in the lives of nations and peoples. There is no doubt that it deserves to be protected and preserved from any attack or waste in various ways and means to preserve the state’s resources and spend them in the correct direction of spending according to the rules of the budget. From here was born the idea of budget control in all its forms. At the forefront is the legislative authority’s oversight of the actions of the executive authority, which is in the process of implementing the rules of the budget document.
Parliament performs its oversight role over the budget through various means and tools at its disposal, through its deputies and committees formed by it directly or through assignment, cooperation and coordination with other oversight agencies and bodies, which provide the Council with various information and data revealing the deviations and practices committed by the government when implementing the budget.
The oversight roles exercised by Parliament in its oversight of the budget also vary from previous oversight, represented by approving and approving the draft budget, to contemporary oversight that keeps pace with disbursement and revenue collection operations. Then there is subsequent oversight that specializes in following up on the correctness of implementation, and evaluating the activity of the agencies responsible for spending or collecting revenues by approving and approving the final accounts. Thus, these forms or stages that Parliament’s budget oversight cycle passes through give great importance, enhancing their roles and making them one of the most reliable types of oversight. It is required in all countries, whether those that formed the cradle of this oversight, such as England and France, or those from which this practice and experience was taken, such as Egypt and Iraq, so that the legislative apparatus in them plays its role in tracking the actions of its executive counterpart, exposing violations and aspects of government negligence, working to evaluate the level of its activity, and developing solutions. Addressing his mistakes and negatives and preventing them from falling into them in the future.
There is no doubt that the complexity of the tasks and functions of the state in the modern era, the sensitivity of the relationship between the legislative and executive authorities, as well as the lack of experience and specialization, and the dominance of partisan tendencies and narrow personal interests, have created difficulties and obstacles that have cast a shadow on the oversight work carried out by Parliament in all countries, most notably Iraq. This leads us to ask about the solutions proposed for the problems of parliamentary oversight of the budget, and what roles Parliament can exercise to enhance its position within the state authorities. Is parliamentary oversight sufficient to keep state funds safe and free from waste? There is another important question that arises: Is there cooperation and coordination between the various government agencies concerned with implementing the budget? And also other oversight bodies, especially those that are independent from a practical and realistic standpoint, with Parliament, to achieve integration in roles and tasks, especially in Iraq, in order to eliminate or reduce the scourges of waste and loss of Iraqi funds and reduce the high rates of financial and administrative corruption that have reached dangerous levels in this country? .

Kinds of the public health service commitment in the field of the vaccination against the pandemic (COVID 19).

2022-12-30T08:15:33+00:00

The spread of the ( Covid -19) pandemic has led countries to take a package of health measures and measures to curb its spread. By improving the health sector and providing health services to citizens to prevent the pandemic, So vaccination was that idea that was born with the beginning of this pandemic. and the State of administration remains committed to providing the vaccine to its citizens in the exercise of its function of public health facility in a way that benefits all in full in compliance with the principle of equality before public facilities on the one hand, On the other hand, the health facility adheres to health controls in the vaccination of individuals s failure to provide the vaccine or to disrupt the principle of equal distribution of vaccines, and the damage that may result from it and the vaccination of individuals.

Improving the Accuracy of Neurons Spike Sorting by Using Supervised Machine Learning

2023-08-04T05:39:40+00:00

The brain is important for both the functioning and reasoning ability of the body. It plays a fundamental role in the coordination of body functioning as well as reasoning and thinking. To understand how the brain is working, we need to know how neurons communicate with each other by firing (Action potential) which is known as spike. To record these activities neurologists used the multi-electrode which record thousands of spikes at the same time. Therefore, neurologists used the Spike Sorting Algorithm (SSA) to know which spike belongs to which neuron. The accuracy of the spike sorting is the most important point. Accordingly, machine learning is used to improve the accuracy of the spike sorting. In this paper, the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is implemented to extract features and for clustering step, the Supervised Machine Learning is applied by using the Support Vector Machine (SVM) and K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) to compare the accuracy of the supervised clustering with the Template Matching method. A comparison between the results of Applied Machine Learning is achieved at different levels of noise to check the accuracy of each algorithm. The results showed that when the noise level was low, KNN accuracy reached 100% while SVM reached 95% and template 100 %. However, when the noise level increased to 0.5, the accuracy of KNN became 94 % and template 85.6 % and SVM 90 %.

The Role of Soft Power in Making the Foreign Policy of the United States of America

2023-09-26T15:57:13+00:00

This research aims to define soft power and its uses in American policy, in addition to identifying the tools of soft power in American foreign policy, and analyzing how soft power is implemented in American foreign policy. We have come to the conclusion that soft power is the ability to achieve desired goals through flexible or Persuasion rather than coercion or temptation with money. It is no secret to students in the field of international relations that the soft power resources of any country are its culture and political values, as well as its foreign policy. Its use is diverse, including means of economic, diplomatic, and psychological pressure, and there are also methods of temptation and attraction, including various arts, including literature, theater, and cinema. We should not forget that the basis of American soft power is: liberal democratic policies, free market economics, and basic values such as human rights and others.

Judicial oversight of proportionality in job disciplinary and administrative control decisions

2022-07-31T06:42:32+00:00

This study deals with the subject of proportionality control over administrative decisions, as it addresses the clarification of the concept of the principle of proportionality as an element of suitability in administrative decision and then explains its relationship with terms similar to it (such as discretionary authority and suitability), and clarifies the aspects and parties of the relationship in proportionality, and clarifies the subject of recognition of the principle of proportionality. between its supporters and opponents and an explanation of the basis on which the principle of proportionality is based. This study also deals with an explanation of the methods that the administrative judge uses when controlling proportionality to reveal the error that the administration made when issuing its decision in terms of appropriateness, specifically the error in assessing the importance and seriousness of the cause and its proportionality to the matter that is called lack of proportionality. Proportionality in administrative decisions, and among these methods is (the theory of clear error), which was adopted by the French State Council for the Control of Proportionality, especially in administrative control decisions, and (the theory of hyperbole), which the Egyptian administrative judiciary adopted as a tool for controlling proportionality in administrative decisions, especially in the field of disciplinary decisions. This study deals with some judicial applications in France, Egypt, and Iraq, analyzing and comparing them, and then this study addresses some recommendations or suggestions for the Iraqi administrative judiciary to follow the French and Egyptian example in this field.

Balance Theory as an Effective means of Achieving Balance between Benefits and Harms in Administrative Decisions (Analytical and Comparative Study)

2022-09-15T11:36:41+00:00

This study deals with the issue of monitoring the balance between benefits and harms, which is considered the highest level of oversight carried out by the judiciary in order to balance the effects of the subject of the administration’s decision represented by the benefits and the extent of the harm resulting from it. In the event that the balance of benefits is outweighed, this decision is considered legitimate. However, in the event of A gross discrepancy in damages at the expense of benefits. This decision is considered illegitimate and revocable. This control differs from proportionality control, despite the presence of points of intersection between them, in that it falls on one pillar, which is the subject. As for proportionality control, it falls on the two pillars of cause and cause and the extent of their compatibility with each other. It also differs from error control. It is apparent that oversight of the apparent error falls on the cause side only, while budget oversight falls on the shop side, as we said. It is worth noting that achieving the budget in administrative decisions was within the jurisdiction of the administration and was within its discretionary authority, and there was no oversight to eliminate it except within the scope of legitimacy through Monitoring the defect of violating the law in its forms. As for an advanced and bold step, the judiciary intervened in the process of balancing the benefits and harms carried out by the administration, in order to create a balance between the benefits and harms resulting from the administration’s decision. By conducting this monitoring, the judiciary has put a significant limit to the administration’s discretionary power. Specifically in the corner of the store. Hence, this control is no longer within the limits of legality, but rather extends to the outskirts of the scope of appropriateness, and this is embodied in the intervention of the judiciary in what is considered the discretionary authority of management, which is estimating the benefits and harms of any administrative decision. In conducting the balancing between the benefits and harms, the judiciary has relied on some The criteria are the financial and economic cost criterion, the private property right criterion, the social effects criterion and the superiority of public benefit criterion.

Navigating the Landscape of IoT, Distributed Cloud Computing: A Comprehensive Review

2024-01-28T08:32:28+00:00

This comprehensive academic exploration delves into the revolutionary convergence of the Internet of Things (IoT) with distributed cloud computing, redefining the realms of data processing, storage, and communication. The paper critically analyzes scholarly work from reputable journals, providing profound insights into this integration's multifaceted applications and underlying technological frameworks. The relevance of IoT, a network of interconnected devices and sensors, is emphasized through its significant impact on diverse sectors, including healthcare, education, agriculture, and smart cities. This impact is magnified by its extensive data collection, processing, and analysis capabilities, enabled through cloud computing platforms. The objective of the paper is to methodically compare and contrast contemporary scholarly contributions, shedding light on the diverse applications and technological infrastructures of IoT in conjunction with distributed cloud computing. This endeavor encompasses an examination of IoT-based cloud infrastructure, detailed analysis of specific needs, implementations, and applications of IoT-based cloud computing, and a review of various IoT cloud platforms. The paper also highlights the benefits of integrating IoT with cloud computing, elucidating significant advantages and potential future directions of this technology. Through this scholarly inquiry, the paper aims to offer an in-depth perspective on the state-of-the-art developments in IoT and distributed cloud computing. It underscores their significance and potential in shaping the future of digital technology and its applications across various domains.

Dreamlike Worlds of the Subconscious in Strindberg’s A Dream Play and The Ghost Sonata

2024-03-01T08:26:24+00:00

: Modern drama is characterized by the emergence of many revolutionary and avant-garde movements which attempted to resonate the dilemmas of the ‘Modern Man’. August Strindberg who is acknowledged to be the father of Expressionism, in his plays; A Dream Play and The Ghost Sonata uses distorted images and disjointed plots in order to project a dreamlike arena in which the images from the realm of subconscious maneuver freely. In this manner he creates worlds in which personages become character types who commentate on the question of human condition. This paper studies these plays in order to shed light on the Expressionist techniques that are employed by the author. It studies the techniques that are employed by the author to make the images that originate from his subconscious accessible to the audience. Moreover, in addition to associating the play’s thematic structure to the playwright’s personal life, it examines it from a philosophical standpoint, as it questions the paradoxical nature of Man’s existence.

Mongol and Malekian History of Danapura (658-670 AD / 1260-1272 AD)

2022-11-04T05:16:08+00:00

This research consists of the situation in Harran between the Mongols and the Mamluks between the years (658-670 AH / 1260-1272 AD). in the year (628 months/ 1231 AD) until they were able to conquer Haran in 657 AH/1259 AD.
The expansion of the Mongols in the island caused competition between the Mongols and the Mamluks in the region. As a result of this competition, the city of Haran suffered great misery and material and human damage Lan, A bad policy has been pursued by their representatives towards the people of the city, which has led to the exile of its people to Mardin, Misl and other parts of the island They cannot be biased In 670 AH/1272 AD, he destroyed Haran and ended the history of this city.

Political Reflection of Nationalist Theories on Kurdish Nationalism

2023-01-15T16:00:07+00:00

Research on the concept and interpretation of nationalism is multidimensional. One of these dimensions is the various theories associated with nationalist studies. Some theories of nationalism have gained special importance in the 21st century for a number of reasons, including the increase in the number of states on the basis of ethnicity, especially in developing regions. For example, like Gellner's model theory of modernism, nationalism emerged as a result of socio-ethnic conflict. Most importantly, the transition from an agricultural to an industrial society confirms that nationalism leads to the formation of a nation. However, primordialism, in contrast to modernism, evaluates nationalism and emphasizes that the nation creates nationalism. This research will evaluate these two theories as well as the theory of ethno-symbolism, which is specific to the issue of self-determination or the issue of independence that is of particular importance to nations such as the Kurds. This research will attempt to identify and evaluate the theories of nationalism more related to the problem of Kurdish nationalism. Of course, the stages of development and attention to cultural principles are a prerequisite for political issues that are discussed within the framework of right-to-destiny.

Designing a Rubric for the Summative Evaluation of Students’ Translation at University Level

2023-06-16T13:32:36+00:00

This quantitative and qualitative study aims to determine the extent to which translation teachers accept the proposed criteria for evaluating their students' translation according to academic rank and the differences between translation teachers' viewpoints on the proposed criteria according to years of experience for the purpose of designing a rubric for the summative evaluation of students' translation at the university level. The study addresses the following questions: To what extent the university translation teachers accept the proposed criteria for the summative evaluation rubric according to academic rank? Do the translation teachers view the proposed criteria for the summative evaluation rubric distinctly according to teaching experience? Eight translation teachers completed the Pilot Study questionnaire, and 45 translation teachers received the Main Study questionnaire. The data were statistically analysed to test the study's validity and reliability. The study found out that the reliability and validity were generally acceptable; translation teachers' acceptance of the suggested criteria varied. However, there were no appreciable discrepancies in their opinions about the criteria based on the latter variables. The most important conclusions were as follows:

Translation teachers’ approval of the suggested criteria for evaluating their students’ translation varies according to academic rank and years of experience in teaching.
No significant discrepancies in the translation teachers’ perspectives on their application of the proposed criteria according to academic rank and years of experience in teaching.
Summative evaluation of translation can be effectively accomplished using a rubric including criteria for Equivalence, Translation Method, Mechanics of Writing, Naturalness, and Readability.

The role of financial flexibility in achieving financial stability* An analytical study of a sample of private banks listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange for the period 2012-2021

2023-08-08T05:59:55+00:00

The study seeks to clarify the role that financial flexibility plays in achieving financial stability in the Iraqi banking sector, as well as the extent of the importance of adopting a flexible banking sector to be able to confront unexpected financial shocks and achieve financial stability, which in turn leads to continuity and growth. The researchers relied on the analytical approach to measure and complete Its requirements are based on the quantitative data of the (8) researched and published banks and were analyzed through statistical software (SPSS. Ver-26).
The most important conclusions are that there is a direct impact of financial flexibility on financial stability and that the strongest significant impact relationship was for the property rights multiplier on financial stability and the least significant impact relationship was for the cash balance ratio on financial stability. One of the most prominent proposals is to strike a balance between maintaining adequate cash liquidity to cover its obligations and its desire to In achieving possible returns for owners and investors because there is an inverse relationship between these two goals.

The Mediating Role of Banking Profitability in The Influential Relationship Between Unsystematic Risks and the Market Value of the Bank - an Applied Study in a Sample of Commercial Banks Registered in the Iraq Stock Exchange for the Period From (2005-2020)

2022-11-04T05:02:57+00:00

The research aims to identify the impact of unsystematic risks on the market value of the bank through banking profitability. It was based on a set of direct hypotheses to determine the nature of the effect between the independent and dependent variables, as well as indirect hypotheses to demonstrate the path of the indirect influential relationship between the independent and dependent variables in the presence of an intermediary variable, and for the purpose To test the hypotheses, a number of financial methods were used to analyze the historical data of the (12) banks in the research sample and for the period (2005-2020). The research also used a number of statistical methods to demonstrate the direct impact between the research variables, such as the (Panel Data) test, and the use of path analysis using programs (Amos23) to demonstrate the relationship of indirect influence between variables, and the research reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which are: the existence of an inverse moral influence relationship between unsystematic risks, banking profitability, and market value, and the existence of a direct moral influence relationship between banking profitability and the market value of the bank. The researcher concluded that the presence of the mediating variable, which is banking profitability, contributes to strengthening the influential relationship between unsystematic risks and the market value of the banks studied, as the percentage of direct influence between the two variables increased from (0.12%) in the absence of the mediating variable to (0.30%) in the case of The presence of the mediating variable, and this in turn led to an increase in the total effect between the two variables to a percentage of (0.42%), which indicates that if the investigated banks want to increase the market value, they must study the influential relationship of unsystematic risks with banking profitability. Among the proposals that were presented: Bank management must pay more attention to the issue of unsystematic risks and how to manage them, as well as to pay attention to the relationship between unsystematic risks and market value by identifying and measuring these risks and reducing them to the minimum possible extent, and the need for them to balance financial ratios to ensure the element of harmony between liquidity and profitability, i.e. maintaining With acceptable liquidity commensurate with the bank’s obligations on the one hand, and achieving profitability that enhances shareholders’ wealth to increase market value on the other hand.

The Role of Strategic Insight in Achieving Strategic Response An Exploratory Study of The Opinions of a Sample of Administrative and Scientific Leaders in a Number of Private Universities in the Kurdistan Region-Iraq

2023-06-16T13:34:06+00:00

The current research aims to test the role of strategic physiognomy as an independent variable in achieving the strategic responsiveness as a dependent variable in the administrative and scientific leaders in private universities in the Kurdistan Region-Iraq. And try to come up with a set of recommendations that would contribute to enhancing the practice and adoption of the variables studied in the organizations included in the study. Based on the importance of the research topic to society and its importance to research organizations and their individuals, the exploratory analytical method was adopted in the completion of this research. The research community included the administrative and scientific leaders in private universities in the Kurdistan Region-Iraq, and the study sample consisted of (the deans, his assistants, directors of departments in the directorates in the presidency of the university, and heads of departments). Hypothesis in order to measure the nature of the correlation and influence relationship between each of its two variables: the independent (strategic physiognomy) and the dependent (strategic response). Data was collected from (189) respondents from the surveyed community by adopting a questionnaire that included (50) items. The research relied on programs (SPSS V.26) with descriptive and deductive statistical analysis methods. The main results of the research were that there were significant levels of positive correlation between the strategic physiognomy variable and the strategic responsiveness variable in the private universities surveyed, which indicates that whenever the administrative and scientific leaders possess the elements of strategic physiognomy, this will lead to Improved levels of strategic responsiveness.

Estimating Maximum moment and shear exerted on Contiguous Piles for seismic loads using ANN

2023-02-08T08:55:01+00:00

Recently the usage of Contiguous piles in many different aspects of construction projects are become more common. Determination of the shear force and moment values exerted on the contiguous piles require extensive analysis and calculations especially when earthquake is to be encountered. Finite element technique was utilized for the analysis using linear material model for the concrete properties of the contiguous piles. The analysis F.E.M for calculating the moment and shear forces was conducted utilizing 144 input sets that represent height of excavated (H), ratio of H to the depth of embedment (D), unit weight of retained soil ( ) and angle of internal friction ( ) is presented in this paper. The mathematical models obtained show more than 0.99 correlation coefficient and less than 0.0013 variance. It was found that both shear and moment values subjected on the piles are decreases with the decrease of ( ) and increases with the increase of ( ). The height of excavation (H) was found as the most important input parameter that affects the output values of the models.

Assessing University Students’ Competence in Translating English Discourse Connectives into Kurdish

2023-08-15T06:51:43+00:00

The present study sets out to assess university students’ competence in translating English discourse connectives into Kurdish. It also attempts to study the impact of teaching on students’ translation competence for rendering these elements. Discourse connectives are one of the main subcategories of textual metadiscourse elements which play a crucial role in text organization and the creation of cohesion. Their class is mainly comprised of conjunctions and adverbials which connect ideas at intrasentential, intersentential, and textual levels. Appropriate recognition, utilization, and translation of English discourse connectives are problematic and challenging for Kurdish EFL learners and translators. Moreover, some connectors are multifunctional and polysemous in nature. This paper aims at highlighting some of these translation problems and assessing students’ competence in their rendering at the pre-test and post-test. The research design is mixed method and employs a Translation Task and a Judgement Elicitation Task as two means for measuring translation competence. These tests were carried out on 40 Third-Year students at the Department of Translation, College of Languages, University of Duhok. The study concluded that students possessed enough translation competence for making judgements on the appropriate renditions of the discourse connectives. In contrast, they failed to appropriately translate besides, although, nevertheless, yet, provided that, otherwise, unless, for, thereby, and so that in the pre-test. Furthermore, holding teaching sessions on the classifications, functions, and translation of discourse connectives had a significant impact on the acquisition of translation competence in the post-test.

The The Effect of Audit Quality on The Value Relevance of Accounting Information An applied study on a sample of listed commercial banks in Iraqi securities exchange market

2022-09-24T10:51:25+00:00

The research aims to test which accounting information (earnings, book value and operating cash flows per share) is most appropriate for the value. As well as testing the relationship and the impact of the quality of the external audit on the value relevance of the accounting information for commercial banks listed in the (ISX) for the period (2016-2020). To achieve the objectives of the research, the inductive experimental method was adopted in testing and analyzing the relationship between the research variables based on the modified Ohlson model, where two main statistical models were formulated to test the research hypotheses. The descriptive statistical analysis tools as well as the correlation coefficient and the standard multiple regression were used using the statistical program (Eviews) and the statistical program (SPSS) to analyze the data collected for (13) listed commercial banks for a period of five years (2016-2020). As it was relied on the preliminary data published in each of the annual financial reports of the listed banks and market bulletins published on the (ISX) website. Several conclusions were reached, the most prominent of which was the low value relevance of accounting information in general in the listed commercial banks, and the research found that there is no significant effect of the quality of the external audit in any of the three accounting variables in its relationship with stock prices in the presence or absence of the control variable. While the research presented a number of recommendations, the most important of which was the necessity of obligating Iraqi commercial banks to actually implement the rules and mechanisms of institutional governance for Iraqi banks issued by the Central Bank of Iraq, and to activate its role in continuous supervision and control to ensure effective and proper application.

The Level of Wisdom and its Relationship to the Vitality of Conscience among the Students of the University of Zakho

2021-08-29T06:40:28+00:00

Research goal to measure:

The level of wisdom of university students.
The level of vitality of conscience among university students.
The relationship between the level of wisdom and the level of vitality of conscience among the research sample
Identify the differences in the relationship according to the following variables

Gender (males - females), specialization(scientific - humanitarian), stage(first - third), location of residence(countryside - city)

The research sample consisted of(160) male and female students from the College of Education and the Faculties of Education, and the researcher used the(Zayed, 2014) scale which consists of 33 items and six alternatives to measure the level of wisdom and a scale(Costa and Mccrea in 1999, and the rate by Al-Sultani 2005, which consists of From 40 article) to measure the vitality of the conscience, and one of the most important statistical methods is the correlation coefficient, the T-test and the z-test. The research concluded that university students have a good level in both wisdom and the vitality of conscience and there is a direct relationship between the level of wisdom and the level of vitality of conscience, and the results showed statistically significant differences in The gender variable and the stage variable in the relationship between the level of wisdom and the vitality of the conscience, while no differences appeared in both the variables of specialization and location of residence, and in light of the results, the researcher recommended a set of recommendations and suggestions.

Measuring the relationship between economic stability variables and foreign direct investment flows to Turkey for the period 1985-2020

2023-02-08T06:19:27+00:00

The research aims to measure and analyze the relationship between economic stability variables represented by economic growth, inflation, unemployment, current account balance and foreign direct investment flows to Turkey, using the Autoregressive Distributed Deceleration (ARDL) methodology, based on a time series from (1985-2020) starting from From the hypothesis that foreign direct investment flows to Turkey are greatly affected by changes in economic stability indicators, the research also assumed that Turkey's relatively multiple advantages helped it to some extent overcome many economic and political conditions and crises, which contributed to attracting Foreign capital, especially in light of the approved reforms. According to the results of the estimation, the research found a joint integration relationship in the short and long term, and to the significance of the research variables and their statistical significance, as it was found that the variables of economic stability adopted in the research are linked to each other and give real indicators of the reality of the national economy and its directions, which creates with its stability an encouraging and stimulating environment for investment, whether it is at the local or international level.

Ideational Grammatical Metaphor of Gender Variation in Central Kurdish Media Discourse

2023-08-30T08:08:50+00:00

The purpose of this study is to analyze media spoken discourse in Central Kurdish, investigating gender variation, using Halliday's grammatical metaphor as a lens. Halliday identified the ideational and interpersonal grammatical metaphor within the SFG. This study relates to the study of SFG in that it examines the linguistic parallels in two interviewees, one male and one female TV interview. The author compiled the findings using a mixed-methods approach and Halliday's grammatical metaphor. The following research concerns are addressed: What is the most common form of nominalized process type of ideational grammatical metaphor in Central Kurdish media discourse? What is the area of similarities and differences in the selection of nominalized process types in Central Kurdish spoken media discourse of male and female speakers? How is reality expressed through ideational grammatical metaphor in Central Kurdish media discourse? During the speeches, 175 distinct nominalized processes were identified. Four of the six nominalized process categories were implemented. The total number of nominalized material process selections is 115, or 65.71% of the total, with verbal process types representing 48 events, or 27.42% of the total, relational process types representing only 5 selections, or 2.85% of the total. Three forms of each behavioral and existential were employed, accounting for 1.71%. And lastly, there is only one selection of mental process, accounting for 0.57%. Both interviewees select material and verbal processes as their most preferred choices. In addition, the author discovered that both political figures attempt to convey their political beliefs through nominalized process types.

A Recognition and Classification of Fruit Images Using Texture Feature Extraction and Machine Learning Algorithms

2022-10-08T04:05:29+00:00

Fruits classification is demanded in some fields, such as industrial agriculture. Automatic fruit classification from their digital image plays a vital role in those fields. The classification encounters several challenges due to capturing fruits’ images from different viewing angle, rotation, and illumination pose. In this paper a framework for recognition and classification of fruits from their images have been proposed depending on texture features, the proposed system rely on three phases; firstly, pre-processing, as images need to be resized, filtered, color convert, and threshold in order to create a fruit mask which is used for fruit’s region of interest segmentation; followed by two methods for texture features extraction, first method utilize Local Binary Pattern (LBP), while the second method uses Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to generate features vector for each fruit image. Classification is the last phase; two supervised machine learning algorithms; K-Nearest Neighbor (K-NN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) are utilized to identity and recognize the fruits images classes. Both methods are tested using 1200 fruits images, from 12 classes acquired from Fruits-360 database. The results show that combining LBP with K-NN, and SVM yields the best accuracy up to 100% and 89.44% respectively, while the accuracy of applying PCA with K-NN and SVM reached to 86.38 % and 85.83% respectively.

Bacterial Contamination on Electronic Surfaces in ICU

2023-08-26T08:58:30+00:00

Bacteria, especially MDR isolates, can infect inanimate surfaces and equipment in ICUs (such as bedrails, stethoscopes, medical charts, and ultrasound machines). Transmission of microbes from inanimate surfaces may play a major role in the colonization and infection of patients in intensive care units. Healthcare worker hands and patient discharge both have the potential to spread germs, which can live for months on dry surfaces. It has been reported that the rate of environmental contamination is higher near infected individuals than it is near colonized patients, and that within the latter group, there is a link between the frequency of environmental contamination and culture-positive body locations. In addition to acquiring germs from direct patient contact, healthcare personnel can pick them up through inanimate surfaces and equipment in the patient zone. Patient colonization or infection can occur if healthcare workers don't properly clean their hands before and after handling patients. Several pieces of equipment and frequently used objects in the intensive care unit (ICU) include bacteria with antibiotic susceptibility profiles that are quite similar to those of germs isolated from patients. In light of the patient-zone concept and the potential consequences for bacterial pathogen cross-transmission to critically ill patients, this review aims to present up-to-date knowledge concerning the contamination of inanimate surfaces and equipment in ICUs.

The Impact of Foreign Trade and Investments on Poverty in the Kurdistan Region-Iraq for the Period (2006-2021)

2023-02-26T15:39:28+00:00

Poverty is one of the most important indicators of poverty. Economic, social and political stability, as poverty rates are high. It negatively affects the standard of living of individuals. Society, which can display an economy. The region has many risks, so it is necessary to study this situation to find out. The reasons and how to find solutions to address it will be. The aim of this study is to measure (the impact of foreign trade and investments on poverty in the Kurdistan Region-Iraq for the period (2006-2021)), assuming that this. The indicators have a significant impact on poverty, based on the distributed time lags (ARDL) methodology. A number of conclusions have been reached, including: Despite the regional government's programs directed at combating poverty, they were unable to reduce poverty, and the reason is due to shocks. Which the region was exposed to, which caused a negative impact on it. The results showed that foreign trade has an impact. Negative impact on poverty, and the reason may be due to the fact that most of the region’s trade is negative. Oil exports as a rentier economy, and most oil companies. Operating in the region are managed by foreign companies, which do not create opportunities. Employment for the citizens of the region, which leads to an increase in the unemployment rate. Which leads to an increase in poverty rates, and one of the proposals is to activate the role of the industrial sector. By activating the role of the agricultural sector, which is linked to forward and backward relations, protecting the local product. From competition with imported products, conducting studies on the impact of economic shocks on poverty in the Kurdistan Region - Iraq.

Psychological Unit for Disabled Students in Zakho University

2023-05-17T18:35:55+00:00

The aim of the current research is to introduce psychological unity among disabled students in Zakho University and its relationship to gender Gradual Random Method. To achieve the research objectives, the researcher relied on the measures of Jahez Abed (2008) and the author of (34) paragraphs. I said expulsion of faithfulness and stability. Scholars that the researcher relied on the descriptive analytical methodology, and after collecting the data and analyzing it and using the appropriate statistical tools gave the following results:
• Weakness of mental unity in people with primary vision.
• There is no difference between the intermediate degrees of individuals in terms of search in the psychological unit according to gender variables

Procedures for International Negotiations in Settling Disputes

2021-07-25T07:15:01+00:00

International negotiations have a life cycle that begins with stages that precede the negotiation process and stages in which negotiations take place and require procedures that negotiators must follow and take because they are among the necessary requirements imposed by the resulting rules of negotiations. Negotiations must end with positive results or outcomes that represent the ambition of the negotiators, or negative ones through which the person conducting the negotiation realizes them. The elements for the success of any dispute settlement process used by the two parties in the future may be through other negotiations or a new method negotiated by the two parties for the purpose of resolving the conflict by virtue of the relationship that arose and lasted between them so that each party can overcome the negatives that it experienced in previous negotiations. In connection with this, the negotiations suffer from or contribute to disadvantages. In one way or another, the failure of the negotiation and failure to reach a satisfactory result requires study and knowledge for the purpose of avoiding it. Some of them are general and apply to all international negotiations, and some are specific to a specific conflict and are linked to its circumstances and specificity, which differ from one type to another.

Translation Difficulties Encounteted by Translation Students at University Level

2023-07-23T15:34:33+00:00

This paper seeks to identify various difficulties that translation students face during the translation process. The data for this descriptive qualitative and quantitative study came from students’ verbalizing their translation loudly. The participants in the study were five fourth-year students from the Department of Translation, University of Duhok who voluntarily participated to translate two texts (literary and non-literary) from English into Kurdish. Any use of resources was permitted, and think-aloud protocols, as a research tool was used to collect the data. The experiment recordings, and verbal reports produced by the participants were used to analyze the data. According to the study's findings, translation students had several difficulties within the process, including translating words with no equivalents, comprehending the figurative language (simile), translating cultural-specific items, struggling with the style of the given text, putting ideas together, relating background knowledge to the text at hand, choosing the right equivalent, and confusing between the two Kurdish dialects (Sorani and Kurmanji). The findings recommend additional research to look at potential solutions to such difficulties. The study's findings led to conclusions that have ramifications for theory and practice. The summary of the major translation difficulties demonstrates the theoretical value of the study. It was also found out that the difficulty of translation is not always anticipated and is not always conceptually explicable.

The Effect of Barzan Highway Improvements on the Traffic Stream Parameters

2023-02-23T10:23:05+00:00

The rapid economic growth in Duhok City has resulted in high traffic volumes, increased the flow of stream traffic, and decreased the speed of running. Therefore, over the last few years, many roads have suffered from non-uniform traffic flow, traffic jams, and increased traffic accidents. There are several causes for the development carried out by the Duhok Governorate on the Barzan Highway, where signalized at-grade intersections were replaced by bridges and tunnels to prevent conflicts between vehicles on the highway. This study will evaluate how much improvement has been made to the Barzan Highway's main parameters after the improvements have been made. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the underpasses have contributed to the creation of safer roads by reducing the accident rate by 47%, decreasing the average traffic flow from west to east (Imam Hamza underpass to Farmanda underpass) by 32%, and decreasing the average traffic flow from east to west by 10%, reducing travel time from west to east by 48%, and from east to west by 45%; moreover, the density improved from west to east by approximately 60%, while from east to west by 63%.

Evaluating the Level of Psychological Stability among Members of the Administrative Bodies of Sports Clubs in the Kurdistan Region - Iraq

2023-08-20T06:56:21+00:00

The research aims to identify the level of psychological stability of members of the administrative bodies of sports clubs in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. The descriptive approach was used in the survey method for its suitability and the nature of the research. The research community included members of the administrative bodies of sports clubs in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, who numbered (612) members representing (102) sports clubs, according to the letter issued by the General Directorate of Sports in the Kurdistan Region, No. (1293) dated 12/23/2021 While the main research sample consisted of (428) members of the administrative body in the sports clubs participating in the activities of the Kurdistan Football Federation, and they represent (67) sports clubs, constituting a percentage of (65.68%) distributed among the grades (excellent, first, second The research tool included the adaptation of a measure of psychological stability for members of administrative bodies in sports clubs in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, which was prepared by (Tabil et al. 2008). The researchers used the following statistical methods (percentage, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, Cronbach coefficient, Pearson correlation coefficient, coefficient of determination) . Through these results, the researchers reached several conclusions, the most important of which is (the psychological stability of members of the administrative bodies of sports clubs in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq was at an average level).
The researchers recommended several recommendations, the most important of which are:
1- Paying attention to employees and listening to them by activating communication and interaction to ensure distinguished and fruitful relationships that contribute to motivating members to advance the sports club.
2- Enhancing psychological stability among members working in sports clubs by activating laws and regulations to reduce the impact of leadership diseases on the psychological and social aspects of sports club workers.
3- Increased attention to the psychological and social aspects of members of administrative bodies in sports clubs.

The concept of political thought in Islamic knowledge

2023-07-06T19:57:39+00:00

It is clear that setting and defining the central concepts on which any study is based is in line with, and complements its course. There is no way to comprehend and analyze the study without understanding its basic terms and connotations, and since the term (political thought) is a central concept in our study, this research aims to address the term within the framework of Islamic knowledge, by dismantling the skeletal structure of the term and defining its conceptual components each separately, and then reconstructing it to find out its concept, and then formulating an adequate and simplified definition for the concept with the aim of adopting a path that contradicts some academic studies which gave priority importance to the definitions formulated by Western scholars and researchers about the concept of political thought, without resorting to a systematic mechanism that enables them to formulate it based on the views of Muslim scholars and writers about the two composite elements of the concept in question.

Based on the previous course, the current research deals with the definition of the two main components of the concepts thought and politics, from both, linguistic and idiomatic perspectives in two independent axes, while dealing with the concept of political thought in a third and final axis. We have reached a detailed conclusion that the essence of the sub-term of political thought was one of the basic topics that Muslim scholars and writers dealt with in various fields of knowledge, which contributed as a result, to identifying the concept of political thought and launching it as a modern term in the contemporary academic arena.

The Role of the External Factor in the Process of Rebuilding the State

2023-02-17T18:00:53+00:00

This research revolves around studying the concept of the external factor and its nature in the process of rebuilding the state and to what extent it can influence it through its foundations that it focuses on in this process, its intellectual, legal and institutional framework and the parties that help and push it towards construction, as well as the problems and obstacles that it faces in this process. Because it is a necessary process for damaged and collapsed countries that require rebuilding, especially weak, developing and underdeveloped countries that require intervention or requesting assistance from other strong countries.
The process of rebuilding the state became a theory in the field of political studies about the nature of the state again. The theory came as a need for a phased political methodology to reconstitute states, especially the backward ones, in addition to the functional, institutional, legal approach and systemic analysis. Contemporary political research and theories went beyond the traditional axis in the process of building the state, namely Power and government, but rather included all areas of human life within the state itself. Because the process of rebuilding the state requires maturity in all fields of the state.

Magical Realism in The Organs of A Demon

2023-07-12T16:54:23+00:00

This struggle is a study of the principles of magical realism in Vahel Mohsen's novel Orgasms of a Dragon. As is obviously magical realism is one of the new forms of realism, this method has emerged in a significant way and phenomenon in Latin America, because these countries are some beliefs and traditions specific to their regions. They have been internal and external, poverty and deprivation. Therefore, they resorted to this imaginary and magical method to escape from this terrifying culture and build a world full of myths, dreams and imagination. The purpose of this world is to create freedom, desire, hope. This struggle is an attempt to identify the distinct genres of the magical realism novel in the Kurdish novel of the Bahdinan region and the aim is to identify the principles and characteristics on which the style of the magical realism novel is based. This struggle is divided into two themes: theoretical and practical. The first topic discusses the history, theory and characteristics of the novel of magical realism in a theoretical manner and the second topic discusses the issues that express the novel of magical realism and cause the difference between this novel and other types of novels.

An Intersectional Feminist Analysis of Women's Oppression in Evie Shockley’s Selected Poems

2023-08-01T08:56:48+00:00

Contemporary African American poetry passionately portrays the historical oppression of African American women. Through powerful verses, it explores their resilience and strength amid challenges, inspiring identity, empowerment, and unity within the community. One such writer is Evie Shockley, who attempts to showcase the oppression exercised upon black American women in her body of verses. Oppression includes but is not limited to gender, racial, and class oppression. The intersectional feminist approach is employed in analyzing and interpreting the oppression theme expressed in Shockley’s selected poems. The paper’s significance emanates from an investigation into the diverse oppression that African American women have encountered throughout history and continue to face in the present. Through this exploration, a heightened awareness of the plight endured by these women is achieved, fostering more significant concern regarding the inhumane treatment they have been subjected to multiple oppressions.

Applying Digital Communication and GIS for Community Planning and Development, Duhok as a Case Study

2023-07-06T19:56:37+00:00

Nowadays GIS is widely used in community planning and development and digital communication is taking a wide scope particularly in delivering different massages and ideas that can be useful in enabling community and planning. This study attempted to use the potential power of both tools by engaging young persons to express their voices and perspectives so as contribute to planning and developing their community. Thirty middle and high school and university students were trained in use of photovoice and digital storytelling to depict their living environment and highlight issues of concern regarding the urban/living environment with the hope of bringing them to the attention of the local decision-makers so as to address them as public issues that require immediate consideration. This initiative which meanwhile aimed to promote participation of young people under 18 years in community development resulted in identifying a number of urban/living environment issues which are a public concern. On top of the issues identified were the poor management of (solid) waste and poor transportation system/structure which have led to a combination of environmental pollutions with multiple impacts on the residents. The produced photovoices, digital stories and GIS maps proved to be efficient means for sharing public issues with the wider audience using social media especially Facebook.

The legal nature of third party objection in administrative proceedings

2023-01-13T05:31:30+00:00

Objection by third parties is the means regulated by legislation for third parties outside the dispute to prevent the effect of the ruling from extending to them, as justice and logic require that there be a way for them to object to the administrative ruling for the purpose of removing the damage that affected or infringed on their rights.
It should be noted that the objection of third parties does not conflict with the nature of administrative lawsuits. Because it aims to protect the principle of legitimacy and raise its status. Despite this, it is a subject of controversy in terms of its legal nature, as the administrative judiciary, along with some jurists, hesitated to recognize it as a method of appeal. Some considered it a special kind of grievance, and some claimed that it represents an implementation dispute, while others saw it as an interference in the dispute. Grounding the appeal in the objection of others requires determining its legal nature and referring it to a specific legal fact or legal origin, and this helps to remove the dispute regarding this appeal. One of the most important results reached in the research is that the objection of third parties has its own nature and is distinguished from other similar means, such as problems or disputes in implementation, the original claim of invalidity, and grievance, and that it is considered an unusual method of appeal, as most jurisprudence holds.

Effect of Foliar Application by Nano and Non-Nano NPK Fertilizers on Growth, Yield and Quality of Two Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) Cultivars Under Plastic House Conditions

2022-11-14T07:21:08+00:00

The experiment was conducted during the fall agricultural season 2021-2022 under a plastic house at the Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture Engineering Science university of Duhok, Kurdistan region, Iraq. The experiment was carried out in a split-split plot system using a randomized complete block design (R.C.B.D), which included 54 treatments resulting from the combination of two cultivars of lettuce, three levels of non-nano NPK, namely (0 g, 2 g, 4 g) per liter of the recommended amount, and three levels of Nano-NPK (0 g, 2 g, 4 g) per liter of the recommended amount for three replicates, to study the effect of spraying with nano and non-nano-NPK on lettuce productivity, growth, and yield of two lettuce cultivar (Fajr and Rawaa). The results showed that the Fajr cultivar was superior to the Rawaa cultivar in (head weight, total yield, marketable yield, number of leaves per plant, chlorophyll content, nitrogen percentage, phosphor percentage, and potassium percentage), The spraying with non-nano-NPK did not show any significant difference in most of all parameters. The result appeared that a significant increase in most characteristics of vegetative growth, total yield, and yield component was with the foliar application of nano-NPK at level (4 g. l^-1).

Refugee Failure to Respond in Light of Mixed Migration

2023-04-07T05:12:29+00:00

The right to non-refoulement is of great importance to refugees. It is considered one of the most important pillars on which international protection is based and constitutes the basic guarantee that protects a person from being returned to the risk of violence or persecution. However, when applying the right to non-refoulement, an issue may be raised regarding the scope of protected persons, as well as The territorial scope in which the right should be applied, and the challenge represented by the movements of refugees with migrants by the same means of travel and in irregular ways in light of mixed migration flows raises many challenges, expressing its concerns regarding the behavior of states when faced with irregular migration, mixing refugees with irregular migrants, and is due to This is because national authorities often do not realize or do not want to be aware of the fundamental distinction between refugees in need of international protection and other migrants who are actually able to receive national protection from their countries, which has led to different positions of states in responding to the right of non-reply when Dealing with those flows.

Tariwanin Rojah Latnas Annamarie Schimmel (1922-2003) by Dora Abu Mahnansurah Lalaji (M: 309 AD / 922 AD)

2023-07-06T20:18:49+00:00

This is an Islamic Sufi prayer for the people of this country. N Khalifahta Abasi Ghalak Persiyar to Pasht Khu Khu Hailan, Ahri Kushtna and Jabahar Pirobochoon and Hazrin and Buwinah Ehun Petria Khosan to Wi Sarda May B What is the meaning of the story of Shariata Eislami Ddanan? Yanji Ehu Hokari Rastahu Buu and Hukarin di l Pushtra Hapoon? Here I am, here I am, O Taibet, this is the place of our message, and this is what I will bring here to my family and friends. What's the matter? Why don't we eat this card? There are two children in this car in Hersvandan, and there are two children in the country, Mary Schimmel.

Digital Marketing Capabilities and their Role in Enhancing Customer Expectations Management/ A descriptive study of the opinions of a sample of administrative leaders in a number of hotels in the Kurdistan region of Iraq

2023-05-17T18:33:49+00:00

The research aims to determine the capabilities of digital marketing and its role in enhancing the management of customer expectations among the administrative leaders in a number of hotels in the Kurdistan region of Iraq. The research presented a theoretical framework dealing with the variables of digital marketing capabilities and managing customer expectations, and a field framework in order to identify the nature of the correlation and influence between digital marketing capabilities as an independent variable and managing customer expectations as a dependent variable. This prompted the researchers to formulate a number of main hypotheses, and these hypotheses were tested through the use of a set of statistical and analytical methods for a sample consisting of (75 ) respondents, and the research reached a set of conclusions, most notably: It requires managers in the surveyed hotel organizations to experiment with new ways to deal with Customers, suppliers and channel members, which technology allows digital organizations to obtain greater and immediate access to suppliers and customers. Among the most important suggestions that came out of the research: With the development of digital technology in changing the business landscape, the managers of the surveyed hotel organizations sample should develop and update digital marketing capabilities as dynamic capabilities directed towards sensing processes New digital market trends and management of customers, suppliers and channel members at the same time.

The Rights of Closed States in International Law

2022-11-24T07:02:35+00:00

Landlocked states are those states that do not have direct access to the seas due to their geographical location and lack of water ports, but need to cross the territory of other states to reach the seas, thus facing challenges to access global markets and economic development will become.
It is obvious that the seas play an important role in human life, on the one hand as an important factor of trade and international relations, on the other hand, the countless natural resources of the seas are considered a major economic basis of states. This has made the seas always the focus of attention of states.
Meanwhile, landlocked states have considered themselves entitled to benefit from the natural resources of the seas like coastal states, for this purpose they have constantly tried to obtain maritime rights through international conferences and agreements.
In this context, this study attempts to answer the main question through an analytical investigation, which asks what are the most important maritime rights of territorial states in international law?

Investigating Kurdish EFL Learners' Perceptions of Cognitive Grammar Learning Strategies

2023-05-17T18:07:03+00:00

English has become the language of science and technology, trade, instruction, politics, and tourism. A person who knows this language may have the opportunity for many jobs. Thus, it is crucial to motivate students to acquire this language in a suitable manner. This study aimed to investigate the strategies for learning English as a foreign language and learning grammar in particular. The aim was to update and adopt new strategies for learning English as a foreign language. The current study attempted at finding out why some Kurdish students make grammatical mistakes and errors despite the fact that they study English for a reasonable number of years. It investigated the perceptions of Kurdish learners of English as a foreign language in using grammar learning strategies with the variables of: gender, proficiency level, in public and private universities. It was conducted at three universities: Dohuk, Newroz, and Jihan. The population covered about 125 teachers and learners. This study used a mixed method: it utilized questionnaire and interviews as instruments and two different levels of proficiency were chosen: second- and fourth-year learners. The questionnaire included 100 learners of English as a foreign language. The interviews included 25 teachers and learners of English from public and private universities in Duhok city. The data analysis revealed that Kurdish English language learners use a number of strategies in learning and also in using grammatical structures. However, Kurdish English foreign language learners believed that strategies of grammar learning are important in the process of language learning. The findings showed differences in learning strategies between proficiency-levels, but no significant difference in terms of gender. The study ended up that grammar learning strategies have a significant effect in the spoken and written performance of learner.

The legitimacy of distance education and legal guarantees in exceptional circumstances (the Corona pandemic as an example)

2023-03-12T09:02:12+00:00

Given the importance of education, its continuity and development, especially in the exceptional circumstances facing countries in particular and the world in general, and the Corona pandemic is considered the closest model, as the distance education system has been relied upon in most of the universities in the world, especially the universities of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, to complete the academic year by using the Moodel platform as an electronic learning platform so that the professor can To complete the curriculum with his students under the supervision and follow-up of the educational institution affiliated with it. Distance education is a system that relies on modern technology and communication networks and is considered an alternative to the traditional education system in the event of an exceptional circumstance. Accordingly, the research aims to know the legitimacy of the distance education system in exceptional circumstances. By addressing the legal texts that stipulate the legitimacy of distance education and the legal guarantees that the Ministry of Higher Education relied upon when applying this type of education that guarantees students the legitimacy of recognizing this type of education while ensuring the continuity of distance education by integrating it with the traditional system in normal circumstances.
The research concluded that the constitution and international conventions did not specifically and explicitly address this type of education, but rather most of the texts included the use of the latest educational methods to deliver knowledge to every individual by various means, and this is the best evidence of the legitimacy of the system. But despite its success in exceptional circumstances, it still does not meet the legal requirements as an educational system in normal circumstances. Here, among our recommendations, is that a law must be drawn up by the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research.

The reasons why Newrose was important for khaleefah Abbasi

2022-12-06T18:28:41+00:00

The erncourayegment of the Abbasi state for Nawros festival , clears that ,howmach Baghdad and the surrounding forces were related to Persian Civilization. It became as an annual habbit to do ceremonies for Nawroz festival , which became a national festival for the nations of the area. The researches which have been done clearify that Nawroz festival was a festival for Samian Nations , those ceremonies were being doing in the Abbasian Capital , Baghdad. Since , the Abbasian state community was ready to do those festivals for Nawroz ,Was to the historic length of the Persian culture in Iraq and in Baghdad. Before Abbasian , Iraq was running by Persians , especially before islam came to the region . In the Abbasi State , the classes of the community were running those ceremonies of the Nawroz Festival.The high classes of the regine , were taking too much care for Nawroz Festivals.However , all were encouraging Nawroz Festivals. There were no any differciation between , for supporting those festivals , for Nawroz or for islamic festivals.

Deep Excavation Analysis Supported by Anchored Diaphragm Walls: A comparison of Constitutive Models

2022-12-30T08:29:42+00:00

This paper presents a numerical study of a large and deep excavation in clay soil supported by anchored diaphragm walls under unequal load to investigate the influence of several design parameters on the stability and safety of the supporting system and their impacts on the surrounding nearby structures using the Plaxis 2D v20 code. The numerical model result was compared with a case study of braced excavation in the clays, and a close match between the results was observed. The soil profile consists of several clay layers and is modeled with two constitutive modes: the Mohr-Coulomb model (MCM) and the hardening soil with a small strain model (HSsmall). The diaphragm walls were modeled as plates and the anchor rods as node-to-node connections. The studied parameters include the inclination angle of anchors, number of ground anchors, surface load magnitude, various ratios of wall-embedded depth to the excavation depth on a deep excavation, and the heave developed at the bottom of the excavation. It was observed that as is increased from 0.3 to 0.5, and is reduced by approximately 6.7% and 14.7%, respectively, for the MCM, compared to 10.5% and 8.1% by the HSsmall modeling. Whereas increased to 0.7, the values of and in both models remained unchanged. Furthermore, for all studied ratios, the MCM produces around 28 mm of heave compared to 23 mm for the HSsmall model. In general, the outcome results of the analysis were examined and discussed in terms of maximum values of lateral displacements, bending moments in the wall supporting system, and the settlement of the ground surface behind both sides of the excavation, which can serve as a reference for deep excavation design and similar geotechnical problems.

Designing a PLC-based Bottle Filling Machine with Conveyor System and Reduced Filling Time Using Ladder Logic

2023-03-03T07:41:28+00:00

The objective for this scientific paper is to build and design a bottle filling machine by using Allen Bradley Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) with Pro-face Human Machine Interface (HMI). In this research, the PLC with HMI is used to introduce a cup filling machine. The PLC based controller in automation industry. The primary concept for the study is to design and fabricate a filling system by utilizing PLC. The cup is moved via a belt conveyor by using DC Stepper Motor. When the cup reaches the sensor, it will stop and the sensor will give instructions to the valve that controls the flow of the water. The position of the bottle is identified through the use of laser sensors so that the pump can operate when it is needed. The PLC used in this framework could be the Micrologic 1400 which makes the framework more adaptable and simpler to operate. When the bottle is beneath the tank, the pump starts, filling it with water. This filling device is inexpensive and can be utilized in bottle filling systems for small businesses like tea shops, milk industries, and any other liquid manufactures. In this work, only three sensors are required, and no additional pumps are needed. The pulse is created in the flow sensor by a time-based controller, and the filling process is completed as a result. It used in a variety of factories to less human effort. So, the results of this work are more reliable. And the most important aim in this research is save the time compare to others needs more components and more time.

The role of social media in political awareness among youth in Sulaymaniyah Governorate

2023-08-24T05:18:47+00:00

This research aims to explain the roles played by social media in political awareness among young people in Sulaymaniyah Governorate. In terms of methodology, this research falls within the framework of quantitative descriptive studies that rely on the field survey approach on a non-random, intentional sample of young people in Sulaymaniyah Governorate, numbering (150) individuals, by using a questionnaire form in order to reach accurate scientific results related to the research questions and objectives. . The researcher reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which are: that the research sample uses social media in large proportions and follows sports issues and topics at a higher rate, compared to other topics, on those media, and that the respondents publish the topics and issues raised on social media again, with regard to the topics. Of common interest among them, internal political crises are fully reflected on their social media, and the respondents use social media to raise awareness, to get rid of the ongoing unrest and tensions resulting from severe political crises.

The Relationship between External Factors and the Transition of Democracy (Spain-Afghanistan) as an Example

2022-09-29T16:22:01+00:00

There is a strong relationship between the international factor and the transition of democracy. The nature of this relationship is two-dimensional The example of Spain shows that most European countries and international institutions such as the United Nations and its institutions play an active and positive role ى in the transfer process has been in this country. The second dimension is negative, especially when the occupation occurs without the domestic environment being suitable for the process of transition gave you It has played a positive role in the transition to democracy due to the adoption of a number of inappropriate policies in these countries. The most important point is the nature and relationship between the domestic environment and the international factor, which must be interpreted in a healthy way because there are opposite effects between the two factors.

The Geography of Bahdinan, the Historical Impact, and the Cultural Depth between 1550-612 BC. M

2022-07-31T06:47:50+00:00

The area currently called “Bahdinan” is merely a geographical framework of a region that witnessed very ancient historical events. However, the term Bahdinan is directly related to the Emirate of Bahdinan, which was founded in the fourteenth century AD. This term was used to indicate the geographical borders to talk about the content of the search for the civilization of the region, and this term is applied today to the Dohuk Governorate, but with a wider geographical area than what is known now, because the geographical borders of the Dohuk Governorate were drawn in the year 1969, but the geographical concept of the Bahdinan region is more than that. .

Oil Resources between Blessing and Curse, an Analytical Study of some Oil Countries (2004-2021)

2023-07-12T16:51:26+00:00

Some oil-producing countries have confirmed that the abundance of oil resources in them is a curse on their economy, especially after the widespread spread of the concept of the resource curse. Hence the importance of the study to find out the reasons behind this concept in such countries. To reach the goal of the study, the concept of the resource curse was presented through the use of some evidence. Experimenting with countries with an abundance of natural resources and how it was a blessing for them, in addition to explaining the positions of weakness in other countries as a curse to their economy, by using the descriptive method to analyze some important indicators that explain why a blessing turns into a curse, such as corruption and the index of dependency on oil resources and rents. Oil, through its analysis of the situation of some oil countries, such as the United Arab Emirates, Algeria, and Iraq, with the aim of comparing them and trying to benefit from their successful experiences. The study concluded that Iraq suffers from high levels of corruption, according to the Corruption Perceptions Index issued by Transparency International, where its institutions suffer. From the “curse of corruption” to the exploitation of power for personal purposes and the existence of sectarianism, as well as its reliance on personal relationships and favoritism in employment and neglect of competencies, the study suggested that the state must have the desire and willpower to advance its economy and benefit from its resources and exploit them in productive projects.

The Other Types in the Short Story of Darkness According to the Principles of Jacques Lacan's Psychoanalytic Theory

2022-05-19T03:56:51+00:00

The other is a subject that has established its presence in all areas of human life. From this point of view, as a major topic in the field of philosophical discussions, it has passed through scientific research (sociology, politics, psychology, etc.). short story (Shoe of Fog) by (Osmat Mohammed Badel); It is a selected example for identifying the position and role of the other in the structure of a literary text. This is done from the perspective of studying psychoanalytic criticism on the basis of the theory of psychoanalysis of the French psychologist (Jacques Lacan 1981-1901). Ren ( the other) explains it. The small other, which has no real and tangible existence, exerts its influence only through the imagination; Because in the mirror stage in the imaginary system, on the basis of the perfection of the image, the reflection appears in the mirror and participates in the formation of the self. It contains the concept of laws and systems of social relations and their influence on one's own feelings through one's own language. These facts are explained, for example, in the selected short story during the speech-discourse of Tamu as the main character.

The Repercussions of The American Hostages' cisis on The British stance towards Iran 1979-1981

2023-12-12T17:50:51+00:00

The issue of American hostages is considered one of the prominent international events that took place in the second half of the twentieth century. It notably had a negative impact on the British political stance towards Iran. Additionally, it served as a point of pressure on Iran to change its political course concerning the Islamic Revolution. The problem of American hostages created new political equations, particularly between the United States and Britain. Consequently, Britain seized the opportunity to maintain its foothold in Iran after being defeated in the events of the Iranian Revolution in 1979.

The British stance was characterized by having a clear impact on the course of events, and Iran did not remain passive in the face of British pressures. Instead, Iran sought the necessity of finding a diplomatic solution to preserve its relations with the influential major country in the region.

Free Overfall for Discharge Measurement in Channels of Different Shapes: A Review

2023-02-08T06:18:35+00:00

The end drop in open channels can be considered as a simple and useful tool for the measurement of flow rates flowing in open channels of different shapes. The depth at channel end can be related to the critical depth in the approaching channel and denoted as (EDR). The (EDR) is an essential parameter for measuring end drop discharge (EDD) in open channels. The main target of this paper is to review the previous works done on the end drop in different shapes of channels using the properties of the free end drop flow as basic criteria for the estimation of (EDR) and (EDD). Useful relationships between (EDR) and channel slope are presented which are the outcome results of previous researches done on smooth and rough open channels of different shapes (rectangular, trapezoidal, circular and triangular). Moreover, the correlations of (EDD) depending on end drop depth and characteristics of the upstream approaching channel are presented for channels of different shapes for subcritical and supercritical states of flow. Still there is no unique theoretical solution for the problem of using end depth of free drop as a key for the estimation of flow rates in open channels which needs more theoretical and experimental studies and works on this important field of research.

Islam was influenced by Neoplatonism in the perspective of the orientalist Goldziher An evaluative analytical study of his hadith inferences

2022-09-15T22:16:01+00:00

The research provides an overview of the life of one of the most famous orientalists who challenged the Sunnah of the Prophet, the Hungarian orientalist Goldziher. Therefore, we narrate his biography and scientific biography to see the sources of his ideas with an explanation of the scientific production that he left behind. We also discuss his most important hadith inferences that he raised in his books to support his idea that Islam derived some of its teachings from Neoplatonism, then refuting those hypotheses that he employed for his theory of influence according to the standards of solid scientific research.

The Impact of Clothing Design on Youth in Erbil, for Example

2023-07-12T16:58:36+00:00

Due to the progress that has emerged today as a result of the media, communication and technology, science and information as a human need is constantly growing and progressing and new terms, specialties and detailed characteristics of the sciences every day One of these new sciences is the science and art of advertising in European countries The Industrial Revolution emerged as an art and activity and was later spread commercially in the media.
In the current stage of life, advertising is considered one of the humanities, so constantly trying to research it, because the humanities are constantly changing, advertising is not excluded from this equation A new perspective on advertising is being looked at.
Advertising has a strong relationship with the sciences of business, promotion, management and media, so we want to know through the research we conduct to see how much the media channels have contributed to the marketing of these goods They advertise them.

Reading the Text (I Will Tell You with the Eyes of a Beautiful Child) by the Scholar (Hzrvan Abdullah) According to the Concept of (Strategy) in the Mouth of (Izer)

2023-05-17T18:32:21+00:00

The concept of strategy in Azerbaijan is based on the mapping of boundaries to construct the subject matter of the text and its meaning ین ژ The text itself, here we will know its meaning outside the text, which will allow us to know its role within the literary text. Eiser says that the relationship between the obvious and the meta-text is a law for any textual strategy, if it is a prerequisite for any understanding He studies according to the answer. The concept of strategy, which is one of the most important concepts in Izer, is that it pays attention to the strategy of readers when interpreting any poetic text. In this research, we have tried to apply this principle to a poetic text Let us practice the innovation under the title (I will tell you through the eyes of a beautiful child) by the poet (Hzrvan Abdullah) and we needed to break down several aspects of strategy ) are formed, in the text of the poet.
Because of the above, we have chosen three types of readers (university professor, literary critic, university student) and this principle we have mentioned in all its nature and dimensions, we have asked some questions to all three types of readers.