Effect Of Aerobic, Anaerobic and Resistance Exercises on Oxidative Stress Status in Healthy Sport Practitioners

Authors

  • Dilshad Aldoski College of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Duhok, KRG – Iraq
  • Raed Salim Al-Naemi College of Medicine, University of Duhok, Duhok, KRG – Iraq
  • Azad Ahmed Khalid College of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Duhok, KRG – Iraq

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.25007/ajnu.v12n4a1135

Abstract

The main aim of this study is to assess the effect of three different types of exercises on lipid peroxidation in sports practitioners. The experimental approach was used to conduct the study. Sixty-six healthy male sport practitioners were participated in this study and divided into three experimental groups, each group consist of 22 subjects, the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd groups performed aerobic (AE), anaerobic exercises (AnE), and resistance exercises (RE). Before entering their experimental program, the three groups conducted the beep test for determining the VO2max for each participant, and then the blood and urine samples were taken from each participant. Thereafter, the three groups entered their specific training program for eight weeks 3 times/week. After ending the training programs, the three groups conducted the beep test again. All statistical data analyses were performed using SPSS version 25.  For checking the differences between the pre- and post-test for all groups one-way ANOVA with Post Hok-Tukey was conducted. Comparisons between pre-test and post-test within one type of exercise were performed by the paired sample t-test. The effect of the three types of exercise programs for 8 weeks on lipid peroxidation biomarker (urinary MDA level) was varied. Interestingly, the 3 types of sport exercises were found to have a great effect on increasing serum antioxidants levels and decrease the levels of urinary MDA. Following the aerobic exercise, which was found to be significantly the more effective in decreasing the level of urinary MDA than anaerobic and resistance exercises. However, the resistance and aerobic exercises have a greater effect to generate the antioxidants defense than anaerobic exercise.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

List of References:

Abdullah, M. S. & Ahmed, D. M. (2014). The effect of aerobic effort on oxidation and some of its antagonists and its relationship to the concentration of lactate in the blood of football players. Al-Rafidain Journal of Mathematical Sciences, Volume 20, Number 64, 211

Achraf , A., Turki, M., Chtourou, H., Hammouda, O., Trabelsi, K., Kallel, C., Abdelkarim, O., Hoekelmann, A., Bouaziz, M. (2016). Pomegranate Supplementation Accelerates Recovery of Muscle Damage and Soreness and Inflammatory Markers after a Weightlifting Training Session. PLoS ONE , 11, e0160305.

Achraf, A., Trabelsi Kh., Omar B., Jordan M., Nick B., Liwa M., Ahmed H., Hamdi Ch., Tarak D., Anita H., El Abed, K. (2020). Effects of Aerobic-, Anaerobic- and Combined-Based Exercises on Plasma Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Healthy Untrained Young Adults. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 17, 2601.

Al Saif, A. & Alsenany, S. (2015). Aerobic and anaerobic exercise training in obese adults. J. Phys. Ther. Sci. 27: 1697–1700

Ascensão, A., Rebelo, A., Oliveira, E., Marques, F., Pereira, L., Magalhães, J. (2008). Biochemical impact of a soccer match—Analysis of oxidative stress and muscle damage markers throughout recovery. Clin. Biochem. 41, 841–851.

Baechle, R., Earle, W., Wathen, D. (2000). Resistance training. In: Essentials of Strength Training and Conditioning. Hong Kong, Human Kinetics, 395–426.

Baker, S., Bailey, M., Hullin, D., Young, I., Davies, B. (2004). Metabolic implications of resistive force selection for oxidative stress and markers of muscle damage during 30 s of high-intensity exercise. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 92, 321–327.

Bloomer, J., Fry, C., Falvo, J., Moore, A. (2007) Protein Carbonyls Are Acutely Elevated Following Single Set Anaerobic Exercise in Resistance Trained Men. J. Sci. Med. Sport, 10, 411–417

Bloomer, J., Goldfarb, H. (2004) Anaerobic exercise and oxidative stress: A review. Can. J. Appl. Physiol. 29, 245–263.

Bloomer, R.J.(2008) Effect of exercise on oxidative stress biomarkers. Adv. Clin. Chem. , 46, 1–50.

Carolina, S., Giorgio Z., Alberto M. M., Marco V., Gianni S., Arianna G., Luca M. N. (2018). Oxidative stress: role of physical exercise and antioxidant nutraceuticals in adulthood and aging. Oncotarget. 30; 9(24): 17181–17198

Child, B., Wilkinson, M., Fallow field, L. Donnelly, E. (1998). Elevated Serum Antioxidant Capacity and Plasma Malondialdehyde Concentration in Response to a Simulated Half Marathon Run. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. , 30, 1603–1607.

Childs, A., Jacobs, C., Kaminski, T., Halliwell, B., Leeuwenburgh, C. (2001) Supplementation with Vitamin C and N-Acetyl-Cysteine Increases Oxidative Stress in Humans after an Acute Muscle Injury Induced by Eccentric Exercise. Free Radic. Biol. Med.31, 745–753.

El Abed, K., Ammar, A., Boukhris, O., Trabelsi, K., Masmoudi, L., Bailey, S.J., Hakim, A., Bragazzi, L. (2019). Independent and combined effects of all-out sprint and low-intensity continuous exercise on plasma oxidative stress biomarkers in trained judokas. Front. Physiol.10, 842.

El Abed, K., Rebai, H., Bloomer, J., Trabelsi, K., Masmoudi, L., Zbidi, A., Sahnoun, Z., Hakim, A., Tabka, Z. (2011). Antioxidant status and oxidative stress at rest and in response to acute exercise in judokas and sedentary men. J. Strength Cond. Res. 25, 2400–2409.

Fernandez T., Tufik S., Castro M., Fisberg M. (2004). Influence of the aerobic and anaerobic training on the body fat mass in obese adolescents. Rev Bras Med Esporte, 10, 3.

Hammouda, O., Chtourou, H., Chahed, H., Ferchichi, S., Chaouachi, A., Kallel, C., Miled, A., Chamari, K., Souissi, N. (2012). High-intensity exercise affects diurnal variation of some biological markers in trained subjects. Int. J. Sports Med. , 33, 886–891

Harsh, P., Hassan A., Raef M., Niel S., Constantine E. K., Timothy J. V. (2017). Aerobic vs anaerobic exercise training effects on the cardiovascular system. World J Cardiol. 26; 9(2): 134-138

Hayriye C., Suleyman D., Raziye D. P., Nihat G. (2010). Effects Of Different Resistance Training Intensity On Indices Of Oxidative Stress. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 24(9) p.2491–2497.

Inal, M., Akyüz, F., Turgut, A., Getsfrid, .M. (2001). Effect of Aerobic and Anaerobic Metabolism on Free Radical Generation Swimmers. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. , 33, 564–567.

Ji, L. (1999). Antioxidants and Oxidative Stress in Exercise. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 222, 283–292.

Krishnamoorthy, P., Vaithinathan, S., Vimal,A. and Bhuvaneswari, A (2007). Effect of Terminalia chebula fruit extract on lipid peroxidation and antioxidative system of testis of albino rats. African J. of Biot; 6: 1888-1891

Leaf, A., Kleinman, T., Hamilton, M., Barstow, J. (1997). The effect of exercise intensity on lipid peroxidation. Med Sci Sports Exerc 29: 1036–1039.

Lobo V., Patil A., Phatak A., Chandra N. (2010). Free radicals, antioxidants, and functional foods: Impact on human health. Pharmacogn Rev. 4(8): 118–126.

Mann S., Beedie Ch., Jimenez, A. (2013). Differential Effects of Aerobic Exercise, Resistance Training and Combined Exercise Modalities on Cholesterol and the Lipid Profile: Review, Synthesis and Recommendations. Sports Med, 44, 211–22.

Margaritis I., Tessier F., Richard J., Marconnet P. (1997). No evidence of oxidative stress after a triathlon race in highly trained competitors. Int J Sports Med.18:186–190.

Michael, L. (2001). The peroxy radical. Department of chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa city, IA 52242.

Niess, A., Hartmann, M., Grünert-Fuchs, M., Poch, B., Speit, G. (1996). DNA Damage after Exhaustive Treadmill

Ohta T., Nagashima J., Sasai H., Ishii N. (2019). Relationship of Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Body Mass Index with the Incidence of Dyslipidemia among Japanese Women: A Cohort Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 16, 4647.

Parker, L., McGuckin, A., Leicht, S. (2014). Influence of exercise intensity on systemic oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity. Clin. Physiol. Funct. Imaging, 34, 377–383.

Parker, L., Trewin, A., Levinger, I., Shaw, S., Stepto, K. (2018) Exercise-intensity dependent alterations in plasma redox status do not reflect skeletal muscle redox-sensitive protein signaling. J. Sci. Med. Sport , 21, 416–421.

Radak Z., Zhao Z., Koltai E., Ohno H., Atalay M. (2013). Oxygen consumption and usage during physical exercise: the balance between oxidative stress and ROS-dependent adaptive signaling. Antioxid Redox Signal 18: 1208-1246.

Robert, L., Zhenquan J., Michael A. T. (2016). Defining ROS in Biology and Medicine. React Oxyg Species Running in Trained and Untrained Men. Int. J. Sports Med.17, 397–403.

Salameh, B. A. (2008). The biochemical properties of the physiology of sport. Dar Alfikir Al-Arabi, Cairo, p. 267.

Scott, K. Powers, Li L. J., Andreas N. K., Malcolm J. J. (2011). Reactive oxygen species: impact on skeletal muscle. Compr Physiol. 1(2): 941–969. doi:10.1002/cphy.c100054.

Svensson, M., Malm, C., Tonkonogi, M., Ekblom, B., Sjödin, B., Sahlin, K. (1999). Effect of Q10 Supplementation on Tissue Q10 Levels and Adenine Nucleotide Catabolism during High-Intensity Exercise. Int. J. Sport Nutr. 9, 166–180.

Tsai K, Hsu TG, Hsu KM, Cheng H, Liu TY, Hsu CF, Kong CW (2001). Oxidative DNA Damage in human peripheral leukocytes induced by massive aerobic exercise. Free Radical Biol. Med.,31: 1465-1472.

Willis H.,Slentz A., Bateman A., Shields A.,Tamlyn, T., Piner W., Bales W., Houmard A., Kraus E. (2012). Effects of aerobic and/or resistance training on body mass and fat mass in overweight or obese adults. J Appl Physiol 113: 1831–1837.

Downloads

Published

2023-11-03

How to Cite

Aldoski, D. ., Salim Al-Naemi , R., & Ahmed Khalid , A. (2023). Effect Of Aerobic, Anaerobic and Resistance Exercises on Oxidative Stress Status in Healthy Sport Practitioners. Academic Journal of Nawroz University, 12(4), 478–487. https://doi.org/10.25007/ajnu.v12n4a1135

Issue

Vol. 12 No. 4 (2023)

Section

Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2023 Academic Journal of Nawroz University

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Authors retain copyright

The use of a Creative Commons License enables authors/editors to retain copyright to their work. Publications can be reused and redistributed as long as the original author is correctly attributed.

 

  1. Copyright

 

  1. The researcher(s), whether a single or joint research paper, must sell and transfer to the publisher (the Academic Journal of Nawroz University) through all the duration of the publication which starts from the date of entering this Agreement into force, the exclusive rights of the research paper/article. These rights include the translation, reuse of papers/articles, transmit or distribute, or use the material or parts(s) contained therein to be published in scientific, academic, technical, professional journals or any other periodicals including any other works derived from them, all over the world, in English and Arabic, whether in print or in electronic edition of such journals and periodicals in all types of media or formats now or that may exist in the future. Rights also include giving license (or granting permission) to a third party to use the materials and any other works derived from them and publish them in such journals and periodicals all over the world. Transfer right under this Agreement includes the right to modify such materials to be used with computer systems and software, or to reproduce or publish it in e-formats and also to incorporate them into retrieval systems.

 

  1. Reproduction, reference, transmission, distribution or any other use of the content, or any parts of the subjects included in that content in any manner permitted by this Agreement, must be accompanied by mentioning the source which is (the Academic Journal of Nawroz University) and the publisher in addition to the title of the article, the name of the author (or co-authors), journal’s name, volume or issue, publisher's copyright, and publication year.

 

  1. The Academic Journal of Nawroz University reserves all rights to publish research papers/articles issued under a “Creative Commons License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction of the paper/article by any means, provided that the original work is correctly cited.

 

  1. Reservation of Rights

The researcher(s) preserves all intellectual property rights (except for the one transferred to the publisher under this Agreement).

  1. Researcher’s guarantee

The researcher(s) hereby guarantees that the content of the paper/article is original. It has been submitted only to the Academic Journal of Nawroz University and has not been previously published by any other party.

In the event that the paper/article is written jointly with other researchers, the researcher guarantees that he/she has informed the other co-authors about the terms of this agreement, as well as obtaining their signature or written permission to sign on their behalf.

The author further guarantees:

  • The research paper/article does not contain any defamatory statements or illegal comments.
  • The research paper/article does not violate other's rights (including but not limited to copyright, patent, and trademark rights).

This research paper/article does not contain any facts or instructions that could cause damages or harm to others, and publishing it does not lead to disclosure of any confidential information.