Economic measurement of the impact of commodity dumping policy on agricultural growth (Referring to the wheat commodity) for the period (2004-2020) in Iraq
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25007/ajnu.v12n4a1265Abstract
The policy of commodity dumping and openness to global markets through the import of major commodities is one of the economic policies followed in the Iraqi economy since 2004 until now. This policy has negative effects on the Iraqi economy and thus the decline in the efficiency of food security, which negatively affects agricultural growth, due to the import of necessary goods from abroad. This is due to its low and competitive prices compared to the same local product, and the spread of this phenomenon is due to the weakness of the state’s regulatory bodies and the lack of laws to regulate imports. Therefore, the study addressed the economic effects of commodity dumping for the period (2004-2020) in the Iraqi economy through import rates, and for the purpose of reaching the research goal of highlighting the theoretical concept of commodity dumping policy and food security indicators in Iraq and the effects it leaves on agricultural growth, as well as measuring and analyzing the relationship between Agricultural growth, represented by the agricultural domestic product, and commodity dumping, represented by agricultural imports of the most important commodities in the Iraqi economy. Accordingly, the hypothesis is based on the negative impact of the commodity dumping policy on agricultural growth. The research was divided into two sections. The first dealt with the theoretical framework of the policy of dumping and agricultural growth through studying food security indicators, while the second section dealt with analyzing the quantitative relationship between commodity dumping and its impact on declining agricultural growth, through the variables of agricultural domestic product and its relationship with the variables of commodity dumping for the period. mentioned, and the research reached several conclusions, including the dumping of local markets in Iraq with major imported food commodities, which led to a deepening of the food gap and a decline in the efficiency of food security and thus a decline in agricultural growth levels. The study presented a number of proposals, including the establishment of a financial bank that provides soft loans to farmers to encourage increased production and achieve agricultural growth.
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الاستنتاجات :
- ان القطاع الزراعي في العراق يواجه العديد من التحديات منها اقتصادية كالتصحر والتحديات المائية ومنها سياسية كعدم الاستقرار الامني ومنها تكنلوجية عدم استخدام التقنيات الحديثة في الزراعه هذا يؤثر سلبا على الانتاج الزراعي ويهدد الامن الغذائي ويخفض النمو الزراعي
- ان نسب الاكتفاء الذاتي للمحاصيل الزراعية عامة ولمحصول القمح خاصة متدنية جدا بسبب ضعف اداء السياسة الزراعية والتجارية ادى الى اعتماد العراق الى الاستيراد من الخارج لسد الامن الغذائي.
- يعتبر العراق من اكبر الدول المستوردة للقمح اذ يعتمد على الاستيرادات وخاصة محصول القمح بنسبة 60% لسد الحاجة البلد.
- تدني نسبة مساهمة الناتج الزراعي من الناتج المحلي يعود الى السياسات الزراعية الغير المناسبة،مما قاد الى اللجوء الى سياسة الاغراق لسد الحاجة المحلية.
- ان اغراق السوق بالسلع الغذائية والزراعية والقمح ادى الى اتساع الفجوة الغذائية والى تدني نسب الاكتفاء الذاتي وان هذه الستراتيجية تتبعها الدول المتقدمة لتصريف الفائض من الانتاج ولاجل استخدام اسواق الدول النامية للتصريف بدون منافس.
المقترحات:
- ضرورة التصدي لظاهرة الاغراق السلعي في العراق لما لها من اثار سلبية على تدني مستوى القطاع الزراعي والصناعي ويكون التصدي باتخاذ عدة اجراءات ومنها فرض تعريفه كمركية كاداة لحماية المنتج الوطني من منافسسة المنتجات الاجنبية.
- تفعيل قوانين حماية المستهلك وحماية المنتج الوطني مع منح نسبة سماح تغطي عجزالانتاج المحلي.
- دعم المحاصيل المهمة ابرزها القمح وزيادة انتاجها لدعم الناتج الزراعي،وتقليل العجز الحاصل والوصول الى الاكتفاء الذاتي ،ويكون بتوفير المكننه الحديثة والبذور والاسمدة المعالجة وطرق تحسين سلالات المنتوج.
- اقامة مراكز بحثية لدعم محصول القمح ومراكز للاستثمار محلية واجنبية لتطوير هذا المنتج الستراتيجي، وانشاء بنوك خاصة لتمويل ودعم القطاع الزراعي والمحاصيل الستراتيجية .
- العمل على رفع اسعار الشراء لمحصول القمح بمايوازي الاسعار العالمية لتقليل من استيراده وتشجيع المنتجين لزيادة الانتاج.
المصادر باللغة العربية :
- بلاو ، حيدر حميد ( 2011 ) ، تقدير الفجوة الغذائية للقمح في العراق ، رسالة ماجستير ،جامعة بغداد ،كلية الزراعة ،57ص
-حسين سلمان جاسم (2014 )، تحليل اقتصادي لواقع الامن الغذائي العراقي، مجلة القادسية للعلوم الاقتصادية والادارية ، جامعة القادسية ، كلية الادارة والاقتصاد ،المجلد 16 ، العدد 3 .
-النجفي ، سالم توفيق ( (1999،الامن الغذائي العربي المحددات الراهنة واشكالية المستقبل ،الدراسات المستقبلية ، كلية الحدباء الجامعة ،جامعة الموصل ،ص8 .
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- فاطمة احمد محمد (2013 ) ، اثر الطاقة الحيوية كبديل للنفط على الامن الغذائي العالمي في الدول النامية، اطروحة دكتوراه ، جامعة القاهرة ،مصر ، 90-100
-فاضل جواد دهش، الاثار المترتبة على انضمام العراق الى منظمة التجارة العالمية على مستقبل الزراعة في العراق،مطبعة العزة ،بغداد،2010
- منظمة الاغذية والزراعة الامم المتحدة (1996 )،الامن الغذائي والتغذية ، الامم المتحدة، ص6
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