The suitability of the drone's work to the basic principles of international humanitarian law
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25007/ajnu.v11n3a1422Abstract
There is no doubt that the military technology has been evolving and has changed the military means since the human know the war. The main reason behind that is that states always try to be one step ahead of the other state “enemy”. Destroying the enemy without any considerations to those who are not participating was the main object of the past military wars. However, that concept has changed in conjunction with the development of human rights laws and more specifically International humanitarian law (IHL). States are not free from using any weapons they want as it was long time before. Not trying to say there was not any humanitarian rules in the past but in a limited area and few nations recognized them. IHL since its emerging has put a fundamental principles for the hostile states to be considered when initiating a war. Nonetheless, it might be easy to apply those principles to some weapons but it might not for others. Drone as a new technology has taken the attention of scholars to answer the question of to what extend does this new mean fit with the fundamental principles of international humanitarian law? They, scholars, have been in controversial in chosing between justifying and rejecting it. After all, with a lack of any international agreement regulating the conduct of this mean of warfare they all have no solid evidences for their justifications.
Downloads
References
الكتب
احمد عبيس نعمة الفتلاوي، القانون الدولي الانساني، منشورات زين الحقوقية، الطبعة الاولى 2019
احمد ابو الوفا، 2006، النظرية العامة للقانون الدولي الانساني (في القانون الدولي وفي الشريعة الاسلامية)،دار النهضة العربية،القاهرة.
احمد سي علي، 2011، دراسات في القانون الدولي الانساني، الطبعة الاولى، دار الاكاديمية، الجزائر.
عبدالله علي عبو، القانون الدولي الانساني، 2019، الطبعة الاولى، مطبعة يادكار، العراق
نزار ايوب (2003)، القانون الدولي الانساني والقانون الدولي لحقوق الانسان، سلسلة تقارير قانونية ،الهيئة الفلسطينية المستقلة لحقوق المواطن ،رام االله،فلسطين.
5المجلات
القانون الدولي الانساني وتحديات النزاعات المسلحة المعاصرة – مقتطف من التقرير الذي اعدته اللجنة الدولية للصليب الاحمر للمؤتمر الدولي الثامن والعشرين للصليب الاحمر والهلال الاحمر لعام 2003 – منشور في المجلة الدولية للصليب الاحمر مختارات من اعداد 2004.
اللجنة الدولية للصليب الاحمر، القانون الدولي الإنساني وفتوى محكمة العدل الدولية بشأن مشروعية التهديد بالأسلحة النووية أو استخدامها، 16 آذار/مارس 2016
5الاتفاقيات الدولية
البروتوكول الاول الاضافي الى اتفاقيات جنيف 1977
.6المصادر باللغة الاجنبية
Ahmad Qureshi, Waseem (2017) "The Legality and Conduct of Drone Attacks," Notre Dame Journal of International & Comparative Law: Vol. 7: Iss. 2, Article 5. Available at: https://scholarship.law.nd.edu/ndjicl/vol7/iss2/5 ,date of access 10/5/2022
ANDRIUS VENCKŪNAS (2014), Aspects of legality of unmanned combat aerial vehicles under international humanitarian law, MYKOLAS ROMERIS UNIVERSITY, Master thesis.
Antonio Gessese, “The Martens Clouse: Half a loaf or simply pie in the sky?” EJIL, Vol III, No. 1, 2000
Amy Roberts (May 23, 2013), By the numbers: drones, Retrieved from By The Numbers: Drones - CNNPolitics ,date of access 10/5/2022
Brendan Gogarty, I. Robinson, (2011-2012), Unmanned Vehicles: A (Rebooted) History, Background and Current State of the Art, Journal of Law, Information and Science, Vol. 21(2).
BBC (October 25 2002), US admits using drones over Iraq, Retrieved from http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/world/middle_east/2361745.stm ,date of access 10/5/2022
Brian Glyn Williams, A History of the World’s First Drone War, History News Network, Retrieved from https://historynewsnetwork.org/article/153148 ,date of access 10/5/2022
BOYLE, M.J. (2013), The costs and consequences of drone warfare. International Affairs, 89: 1-29. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2346.12002
Captain L. S. Howeth. (1963), History of Communications-Electronics in the United States Navy, United States, Government Printing Office, Washington: p. 479.
CTIE: Reginald Denny (1891-1967), The “Dennyplane”, RPAV: Remote Piloted Aerial Vehicles. Aviation and Aeromodelling-Interdependent Evolutions and Histories, Retrieved from (monash.edu.au) ,date of access 10/5/2022
Cassese, A. (2000). The Martens Clause: Half a Loaf or Simply Pie in the Sky? European Journal of International Law, 11, 187-216. Available at: DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ejil/11.1.187
DEREK GATOPOULOS and SUZAN FRASER, (17 March 2022), Cheap but lethal Turkish drones bolster Ukraine's defenses, Associated Press,Retrieved from ABC News (go.com) ,date of access 10/5/2022
Harvard Program on Humanitarian Policy and Conflict Research, Manual on International Law Applicable to Air and Missile Warfare (15 May 2009).
Heyns, C., Akande, D., Hill-Cawthorne, L., & Chengeta, T. (2016). THE INTERNATIONAL LAW FRAMEWORK REGULATING THE USE OF ARMED DRONES. International and Comparative Law Quarterly. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020589316000385
Judgment No. 9, The Case of the S.S. Lotus (France v. Turkey), PCIJ Series A, No. 10 (1927).
Jon Harper, (1/6/2020), $98 Billion Expected for Military Drone Market, National Defense, Retrieved from (nationaldefensemagazine.org) , date of access 10/5/2022
Kelsey D. Atherton, (Mar. 7, 2013), Flying Robots 101: Everything You Need to Know About Drones, POPULAR SCI. Retrieved from http://www.popsci.com/technology/article/2013-03/drone-any-other-name , ,date of access 10/5/2022
Khaled Dawoud (19 November 2001), Obituary: Mohammed Atef, Retrieved from The Guardian , date of access 10/5/2022
Laurie R. Blank, After “Top Gun”: How Drone Strikes Impact the Law of War, 33 U. Pa. J. Int’l L. 675 (2012).
Available at: https://scholarship.law.upenn.edu/jil/vol33/iss3/2
Legality of the Threat or Use of Nuclear Weapons, Advisory Opinion, I.C.J. Reports 1996, 226, 257
Lewis, Michael W. and Crawford, Emily, Drones and Distinction: How IHL Encouraged the Rise of Drones (May 3, 2013). Georgetown Journal of International Law, Vol. 44, No. 3, pp. 1127-1166, 2013, Sydney Law School Research Paper No. 13/35, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2241770
Lewis, Michael W., Drones and the Boundaries of the Battlefield (June 2, 2012). 47 Texas International Law Journal 293 (2012), Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=1917461
Mary Ellen O’Connell )6/2/2013(, The Questions Brennan Can’t Dodge, The New York Times Journal, Retrieved from
http://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/07/opinion/the-questions-brennan-cant-dodge.html , date of access 10/5/2022
Peter Finn and Joby Warrick, (21/3/2010), Under Panetta, a more aggressive CIA, Washington Post, available on: http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/03/20/AR2010032003343.html ,date of access 10/5/2022
Philip Alston, (May 28, 2010) (Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary, or arbitrary executions), Study on Targeted Killings, U.N. Doc. A/HRC/14/24/Add.6.
Propel RC (December 31, 2021), Complete Evolution & History of Drones: From 1800s to 2022, Retrieved from
Complete Evolution & History of Drones: From 1800s to 2022 (propelrc.com) , date of access 10/5/2022
Rand Corporation, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, Retrieved from https://www.rand.org/topics/unmanned-aerial-vehicles.html ,date of access 10/5/2022
RPAV: Remote Piloted Aerial Vehicles. Aviation and Aeromodelling-Interdependent Evolutions and Histories Retrieved from Remote Piloted Aerial Vehicles (monash.edu.au) ,date of access 10/5/2022
Robin Braithwaite(2012), The Queen of Bees June, Light Aviation Journal, Retrieved from lightaircraftassociation.co.uk
Rob Blackhurst (2012), The air force men who fly drones in Afghanistan by remote control, Telegraph News, Retrieved from (telegraph.co.uk) ,date of access 10/5/2022
Rosa Brooks, The Constitutional and Counterterrorism Implications of Targeted Killing: Hearing Before the S. Judiciary Subcomm. On the Constitution, Civil Rights, and Human Rights, 113TH CONG., 2 (April 23, 2013) (Statement by Professor Rosa Brooks, Geo. U. L. Center), http://scholarship.law.georgetown.edu/cong/114
Sebastian Wuschka, (2011), The Use of Combat Drones in Current Conflicts – A Legal Issue or a Political Problem? Goettingen Journal of International Law 3(3), doi: 10.3249/1868-1581-3-3-wuschka
SPENCER ACKERMAN (OCT 20, 2011), Libya: The Real U.S. Drone War, WIRED, Retrieved from https://www.wired.com/2011/10/predator-libya/ ,date of access 10/5/2022
William Saletan, (Feb. 2013), In Defense of Drones, SLATE, Retrieved from http://www.slate.com/articles/health_and_science/human_nature/2013/02/drones
Y. Dinstein (2010), The Conduct of Hostilities under the Law of International Armed Conflict, 2nd ed.
Vivek Sehrawat, Legal Status of Drones Under LOAC and International Law, 5 Penn. St. J.L. & Int'l Aff. 164 (2017). Available at: https://elibrary.law.psu.edu/jlia/vol5/iss1/7
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Academic Journal of Nawroz University

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Authors retain copyright
The use of a Creative Commons License enables authors/editors to retain copyright to their work. Publications can be reused and redistributed as long as the original author is correctly attributed.
- Copyright
- The researcher(s), whether a single or joint research paper, must sell and transfer to the publisher (the Academic Journal of Nawroz University) through all the duration of the publication which starts from the date of entering this Agreement into force, the exclusive rights of the research paper/article. These rights include the translation, reuse of papers/articles, transmit or distribute, or use the material or parts(s) contained therein to be published in scientific, academic, technical, professional journals or any other periodicals including any other works derived from them, all over the world, in English and Arabic, whether in print or in electronic edition of such journals and periodicals in all types of media or formats now or that may exist in the future. Rights also include giving license (or granting permission) to a third party to use the materials and any other works derived from them and publish them in such journals and periodicals all over the world. Transfer right under this Agreement includes the right to modify such materials to be used with computer systems and software, or to reproduce or publish it in e-formats and also to incorporate them into retrieval systems.
- Reproduction, reference, transmission, distribution or any other use of the content, or any parts of the subjects included in that content in any manner permitted by this Agreement, must be accompanied by mentioning the source which is (the Academic Journal of Nawroz University) and the publisher in addition to the title of the article, the name of the author (or co-authors), journal’s name, volume or issue, publisher's copyright, and publication year.
- The Academic Journal of Nawroz University reserves all rights to publish research papers/articles issued under a “Creative Commons License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction of the paper/article by any means, provided that the original work is correctly cited.
- Reservation of Rights
The researcher(s) preserves all intellectual property rights (except for the one transferred to the publisher under this Agreement).
- Researcher’s guarantee
The researcher(s) hereby guarantees that the content of the paper/article is original. It has been submitted only to the Academic Journal of Nawroz University and has not been previously published by any other party.
In the event that the paper/article is written jointly with other researchers, the researcher guarantees that he/she has informed the other co-authors about the terms of this agreement, as well as obtaining their signature or written permission to sign on their behalf.
The author further guarantees:
- The research paper/article does not contain any defamatory statements or illegal comments.
- The research paper/article does not violate other's rights (including but not limited to copyright, patent, and trademark rights).
This research paper/article does not contain any facts or instructions that could cause damages or harm to others, and publishing it does not lead to disclosure of any confidential information.