The establishment of the Ilkhanid-Mongol state in Persia and its circumstances until the era of Sultan Mahmoud Ghazan (year 694 AH / 1295 AD)

Abstract

This research revolves around that time period that accompanied the emergence of the Mongols (Tatars) on the scene of events during the early thirteenth century AD, and then the invasion of the Islamic world by the Mongols through three military campaigns, the fiercest of which was the Holakukhan campaign, which began in the year (651 AH / 1253 AD) with an attack on Iran and then continued his attack until Baghdad fell to the Mongols in the year (656 AH / 1258 AD), and when the Mongols were defeated by the Mamluks at the famous battle of Ain Jalut and their influence retreated from the Levant, Hulagu Khan settled in Iran and since that period the elements of the Ilkhanate state began to appear and became Its founder, Hulagu Khan, ruled over Persia, the peninsula, Iraq, Anatolia, and the Caucasus, as the deputy of the Great Mongol Khan, who was ruling in Qaraquram, the official capital of the Mongol Empire.                                                                                

After the death of Hulagu in the year (663 AH / 1265 AD), his sons and grandsons continued to rule the Ilkhanate state, but there was disagreement, conflict and competition among the members of the Ilkhanian house itself, motivated by the ambition of reaching the throne, which in turn caused a lot of chaos and unrest and weakness in The centers and institutions of the Ilkhanate state, and it increased its internal and external problems, and this study revolves around these circumstances that accompanied the Ilkhanid state until Sultan Mahmud Ghazan Khan took power in the year (694 AH / 1295 AD)