India during the reign of Emperor Aurink Zeb (1659--1707)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25007/ajnu.v12n4a1240Keywords:
(المغول، الهند، اورنك زيب، الصراع، الامبراطور)Abstract
The research aims to monitor the biography and works of Emperor Aurangzeb, who came to the throne in 1658, and became the sixth Mughal emperor in India, after a sharp conflict broke out between the sons of Emperor Shah Jahan, where Aurang Zeb proved that he was the most capable of taking over the affairs of his brothers, as His reign was marked by sending one military campaign after another to discipline his local opponents, and with his military prowess he expanded the boundaries of his empire more than ever before.
The research attempts to solve the problematic related to the charges brought against Emperor Aurangzeb, especially since the long years of his reign witnessed a constant conflict with competitors, where opinions differed about his personality. Stability and development, while opponents see it as a bloody ruler who dedicated his rule to brutalizing his opponents, which led to the disintegration of the bonds of the Mughal Empire, and its collapse at the hands of the British.
The research adhered to the descriptive and analytical approaches, as the descriptive approach provided a solid basis for understanding what happened in India in that important era of its modern history, and the analytical method is not only knowing the details of the course of events, but rather works to disassemble and assemble historical information, to reach the right results.
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الرسائل الجامعية:
- زياد جابر إبراهيم مسلم ، صورة الهند عند المؤرخين المسلمين دراسة في الأوضاع السياسية و الاقتصادية و الاجتماعية والثقافية حتى نهاية القرن الخامس الهجري ، رسالة ماجستير ير منشورة قدمت الى كلية الدراسات العليا بجامعة النجاح، (فلسطين، 2009).
-غالية عباسي، نور الدين بلعريبي، أمينة هندة، المهاتما غاندي والمقاومة السلمية في الهند (1915م – 1947م، رسالة ماجستير قدمت الى كلية العلوم الانسانية، جامعة الجيلالي بونعامة خميس – مليانة، 2016 ، (الجزائر، 2016).
-فاتحة بوقلقولة، فاطمة ليشتي، دولة مغول الهند في عهد السلطان شاه جهان )م1666-1592/ه1077-1000)، رسالة ماجستير قدمت الى مجلس جامعة احمد دراية أدرار، (الجزائر، 2017).
الموسوعات باللغة العربية:
-مجموعة من المؤلفين، اعداد وتحرير: إبراهيم زكي خورشيد واخرون، كتاب موجز دائرة المعارف الإسلامية، الجزء 20، (الشارقة، 1998).
الموسوعات باللغة الانكليزية
-Aurangzeb. https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org
-Aurangzeb of India. https://www.britannica.com
الكتب باللغة العربية:
-ابراهيم محمد علي مرجونة، الهند في العصر الاسلامي، (القاهرة، ب.ت).
-د. أحمد الجوارنة، عالمكير الأول (أورانجزيب) امبراطور الهند الكبير - دراسة تاريخية، (الاردن، ).
-د. احمد رجب محمد على، قلاع و حصون و أسوار و بوابات المدن الأثرية الإسلامية فى الهند ، (القاهرة،2008).
- د. عبد العزيز حميد صالح ، خط المصحف الشريف وتطوره في العالم الإسلامي، (بيروت، 2020).
- د. محمد اسماعيل الندوي، الهند القديمة حضاراتها ودياناتها، (القاهرة، 1970).
- د. محمد سهيل طقوش، تاريخ مغول القبيلة الذهبية والهند، (بيروت، 2007).
- محمد عبد القادر محمد سليمان ، تاريخ شبه القارة الهندية ، (القاهرة، 2018).
- مسعود الندوي، تاريخ الدعوة الاسلامية في الهند، (بيروت،1950) .
الكتب باللغة الانكليزية:
- Abraham Eraly, Emperors of the Peacock Throne: The Saga of the Great Mughals,(New Delhi, 2000).
- Audrey Truschke: Aurangzeb: The Life and Legacy of India's Most Controversial King (Stanford, 2017).
- Jadunath Sarkar,History of Aurangzib Mainly basad on Persian Sources,, Patna College. Vol. I. Reign of Shah Jahan, (Calcutta, 1912).
- Jshamshad Ali, Relation of the Ottoman Empirewithe the Indian rulers 1750-1924 ,(India,1988).
الكتب باللغة الفارسية:
- محمد كاظم محمد امين، عالمكيرنامه، (كلكتا، 1868.(
البحوث باللغة العربية:
- زينب حاتم رزوقي الخزرجي، ظهير الدين بابر وأثره في الهند حتى عام 937 هـ، 1530 م، مجلة كلية التربية، العدد (1)، المجلد الاول، جامعة المستنصرية، (بغداد، 2017).
البحوث باللغة الانكليزية:
- Aniket Tathagata Chettry ,Unravelling the Myth: Exploring State and Religion under Aurangzeb. https://juniperpublishers.com
- Basharat Hassan, Aurangzeb From Maligned to Benign A Review; Aurangzeb The Man and The Myth. https://www.academia.edu
- Dr. Muhammad Khalid Masud, Religion and State in Late Mughal India: The Official Status of the Fatawa Alamgiri. https://sahsol.lums.edu.pk
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