Political Reflection of Nationalist Theories on Kurdish Nationalism
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25007/ajnu.v13n1a1668Abstract
Research on the concept and interpretation of nationalism is multidimensional. One of these dimensions is the various theories associated with nationalist studies. Some theories of nationalism have gained special importance in the 21st century for a number of reasons, including the increase in the number of states on the basis of ethnicity, especially in developing regions. For example, like Gellner's model theory of modernism, nationalism emerged as a result of socio-ethnic conflict. Most importantly, the transition from an agricultural to an industrial society confirms that nationalism leads to the formation of a nation. However, primordialism, in contrast to modernism, evaluates nationalism and emphasizes that the nation creates nationalism. This research will evaluate these two theories as well as the theory of ethno-symbolism, which is specific to the issue of self-determination or the issue of independence that is of particular importance to nations such as the Kurds. This research will attempt to identify and evaluate the theories of nationalism more related to the problem of Kurdish nationalism. Of course, the stages of development and attention to cultural principles are a prerequisite for political issues that are discussed within the framework of right-to-destiny.
Downloads
References
Anderson, Benedict. (1983) Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism, London/New York, Verso.
Armstrong, John A. (1982) Nation Before Nationalism, Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
Barth, Fredrik. (1969) Ethnic Groups and Boundaries: The Social Organization of Culture Difference, Long Grove, Illinois: Waveland Press, INC.
Benei, Veronique. (ed.), (2005) Manufacturing Citizenship: Education and Nationalism in Europe, South Asia and China, Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group.
Breuilly, John. (1982) Nationalism and the State, Manchester: Manchester University Press.
Brown, David. (2000) Contemporary Nationalism: Civic, Ethnocultural and Multicutural Politicies, Routledge.
Brown, David. (1999) ‘Are there good and bad Nationalism’, in: David Brown, Nation amd Nationalism, Routledge.
Brubaker, Roges. (2004) Nationalism Reframed: Nationhood and the National Question in the New Europe, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Bruinessen, Martin van. (2003) ‘Ehmedi Xani’s Men u Zin and Its Role in the Emergence of Kurdish National Awareness’, in: Abbas Vali (ed.), Essays on the Origins of Kurdish Nationalism, California: Mazda Publishers, Inc., Costa Mesa.
Conner, Walker. (1972), ‘Nation-building or Nation-destroying?’, World Politics, Vol. 24, No. 3.
Conversi, Daniele. (2007) ‘Mapping the Field: Theories of Nationalism and the Ethnosymbolic Approach’, in: Athena S. Leoussi and Steven Grosby, (eds.), Nationalism and Ethnosymbolism: History, Culture and Ethnicity in the Formation of Nations, Edinburgh University Press.
Etherington, John. (2003) Nationalism, National Identity and Territory: The Case of Catalonia, PhD thesis, Departament de Ciencia Politica i Dret Public, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona.
Özkirimli, Umut. (2010) Theories of Nationalism: A Critical Introduction, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan.
Gal, Allon. (2007) ‘Historical Ethno-symbols in the Emergence of the State of Israel’, in: Athena S. Leoussi and Steven Grosby (eds.) Nationalism and Ethnosymolism: History, Culture and Ethnicity in the Formation of Nations, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press Ltd.
Guibernau, Montserrat. (1996) Nationalism: The Nation-State and Nationalism in the Twentieth Century, Combridge: Polity Press.
Mishra, M. Kumar. (2016) ‘Elites, Nationalism and Nation-States’, International Journal of Humanities & Social Science Studies (IJHSSS), Volume-III, Issue-I.
Halliday, Fred. (2006) ‘Can We Write a Modernist History of Kurdish Nationalism?’, in: Faleh A. Jabar and Hosham Dawod (eds.) The Kurds: Nationalism and Politics, London, San Francisco and Beirut: SAQI.
Hobsbawm, Eric. (1983) The Invention of Tradition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Horowitz, Donald. (1985) Ethnic Groups in Conflict, California: University of California Press.
Jenkins, Brian and Spyros A. Sofos. (1996) Nation & Identity in Contemporary Europe, London and New York: Routledge, eds..
Llobera, Josep. (1999) Recent Theories of Nationalism, Barcelona: University of London.
Shils, Edward. (1957) ‘Primordial, Personal, Sacred and Civil Ties: Some Particular Observations on the Relationships of Sociological Research and Theory’, The British Journal of Sociology, Vol. 8, No. 2, Jun.
Sinantorunu, Betul. (np) ‘Debate on Theories of Nationalism and State Creation’, Middle East Technical University.
Smith, D. Anthony. (2004) The Antiquity of Nations, Polity Press Ltd.
Smith, D. Anthony. (2001) Nationalism: Theory, Ideology, History, Cambridge: Polity Press Ltd.
Smith, D. Anthony. (1998) Nationalism and Modernism: A Critical Survey of Recent Theories of Nations and Nationalism, Taylor & Francis Group, Routledge.
Smith, D. Anthony. (1983) Theories of Nationalism, Now York: Holmes & Meier, 2nd ed.
Smith, D. Anthony. (1979) Nationalism in the Twentieth Century, Canberra: Australian National University Press.
Vali, Abbas. (2003) ‘Nationalism and the Question of Origins’, in: Abbas Vali (ed.), Essays on the Origins of Kurdish Nationalism, California: Mazda Publishers, Inc., Costa Mesa.
Verkuyten, Maykel. (1999) Etnische Identiteit: Theoretische en Empirische Benaderingen, Amsterdam: Het Spinhuis.
احمد، محمد رحمان (٢٠٢١)، پەیوەندى نێوان دەستەلات و هێزەکۆمەلایتەکان لە هەرێمى کوردستاندا، ناوەندى حەمرین بۆ توێژینەوەى ستراتیژى.
بارزانى، مەسعود (2020)، بۆ مێژوو، هەولێر، رۆکسانا، چاپى دووەم، تشرینى یەکەم.
بارزانى، مسعود (2004)، بارزان: بزوتنەوەى رزگاریخوزاى کورد، شۆرشى ئەیلوول ١٩٦١-١٩٧٥، بەرگى سێیەم، بەشى یەکەم، چاپخانەى وەزارەتى پەروەردە – هەولێر.
مەلاقادر، محەمەد (2007 خەباتنامە – کورتە مێژووى پارتى و کولتوورى بارزانى نەمر، دەزگاى چاپ و بلاوکردنەوەى ئاراس، هەولێر.
على، جعفر، (٢٠١٣)، ناسیۆنالیزم و ناسیۆنالیزمى کوردى، (چاپخانا رۆژهەلات، هەولێر، چاپى دووەم).
خلیل، هەوار تاهر، (2021)، 'رێکخستن و مۆبیلیزەکرنا بزاڤا رزگاریخوازى د هەڤگرێکا ناسیۆنالیزمێ دا: شۆرشا ئەیلوولێ (1961-1975) وەک نموونە'، کۆنفرانسێ زانستى نێڤدەولەتى، ئینسکلۆپێدیا پارتى دیموکراتى کوردستان – سەنتەرێ بێشکچى بۆ ڤکۆلینێن مرۆڤایەتى – سەنتەرێ ڤەکۆلینێن جینۆسایدێ، زانکۆیا دهۆک.
خلیل، هەوار نێروەیى، (2020)، ئیسلام و مۆدێرنیتە: ڤەکۆلینەکا شرۆڤەکارى دناڤبەرا ژێدەرێن ئیسلامى دگەل جاڤکانیێن مۆدێرنیتە دا، (جنگل، تهران).
خەلیل، هیوا مەجید (٢٠١٩)، چەند گوتارێک لەبارەى گەشەسەندنى سیاسى، (چاپخانەى هێڤى).
سالح، گوران ئيبراهيم (2013)، دۆزى کورد لە بازنەى پەیوەندیەکانى ئەمریکا و عیراق، ١٩٧٥-١٩٩٠، هەولێر.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Academic Journal of Nawroz University
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Authors retain copyright
The use of a Creative Commons License enables authors/editors to retain copyright to their work. Publications can be reused and redistributed as long as the original author is correctly attributed.
- Copyright
- The researcher(s), whether a single or joint research paper, must sell and transfer to the publisher (the Academic Journal of Nawroz University) through all the duration of the publication which starts from the date of entering this Agreement into force, the exclusive rights of the research paper/article. These rights include the translation, reuse of papers/articles, transmit or distribute, or use the material or parts(s) contained therein to be published in scientific, academic, technical, professional journals or any other periodicals including any other works derived from them, all over the world, in English and Arabic, whether in print or in electronic edition of such journals and periodicals in all types of media or formats now or that may exist in the future. Rights also include giving license (or granting permission) to a third party to use the materials and any other works derived from them and publish them in such journals and periodicals all over the world. Transfer right under this Agreement includes the right to modify such materials to be used with computer systems and software, or to reproduce or publish it in e-formats and also to incorporate them into retrieval systems.
- Reproduction, reference, transmission, distribution or any other use of the content, or any parts of the subjects included in that content in any manner permitted by this Agreement, must be accompanied by mentioning the source which is (the Academic Journal of Nawroz University) and the publisher in addition to the title of the article, the name of the author (or co-authors), journal’s name, volume or issue, publisher's copyright, and publication year.
- The Academic Journal of Nawroz University reserves all rights to publish research papers/articles issued under a “Creative Commons License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction of the paper/article by any means, provided that the original work is correctly cited.
- Reservation of Rights
The researcher(s) preserves all intellectual property rights (except for the one transferred to the publisher under this Agreement).
- Researcher’s guarantee
The researcher(s) hereby guarantees that the content of the paper/article is original. It has been submitted only to the Academic Journal of Nawroz University and has not been previously published by any other party.
In the event that the paper/article is written jointly with other researchers, the researcher guarantees that he/she has informed the other co-authors about the terms of this agreement, as well as obtaining their signature or written permission to sign on their behalf.
The author further guarantees:
- The research paper/article does not contain any defamatory statements or illegal comments.
- The research paper/article does not violate other's rights (including but not limited to copyright, patent, and trademark rights).
This research paper/article does not contain any facts or instructions that could cause damages or harm to others, and publishing it does not lead to disclosure of any confidential information.
