A Study of Treatment of Lizard Phobia Using Visible and Invisible Marker-based AR Application
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25007/ajnu.v9n1a586Keywords:
Augmented reality (AR), Virtual reality (VR), Phobia, Treatment, Visible_marker trackingAbstract
Augmented reality refers to the combination of computer-generated objects with real world environment. This technology is empowered by the evolution of hardware and software in the past decade. Virtual objects are placed through device screens in a user’s environment relying on the device camera and capability of graphics hardware. This advancement opens a wide horizon for application development in the field of entertainment, education, medical, etc.
One of the main advantages of augmented reality (AR) is in the treatment of various phobias though exposure treatment. A phobia is characterized by irrational fear or reaction to a normal situation. Thus, gradually exposing patients to their phobias helps in reducing their uncontrolled reaction and aids in reducing their fear of their respective phobia. Herpetophobia is the extreme fear from aversion reptiles such as lizards. The lizard phobia is a common form of phobia amongst people.
In this article, an application of lizard phobia exposure treatment is proposed to help patients. The proposed application relies on marker-based AR. This is implemented using Visible marker AR system (VMARS) and Invisible marker AR system (IMARS), comparing the results of both systems to a group a subject to identify the best approach for Herpetophobia treatment.
Downloads
References
2. Hani Alkurdi, 2019. Augmented Reality Electric Circuit Experiment. 2019 International Conference On Advanced Science And Engineering (ICOASE). doi: 10.1109/icoase.8723683.
3. Milgram and Kishino, 1994. A taxonomy of mixed reality visual displays, IEICE TRANSACTIONS on Information and Systems Vol.E77-D No.12 pp.1321-1329, Print ISSN: 0916-8532, Publication .
4. Rothbaum, B. O., Hodges, L., Kooper, R., Opdyke, D., Williford, J. S. & North, M., 1995. Effectiveness of computer generated (virtual reality) graded exposure in the treatment of acrophobia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 152: 626-628.
5. Bouchard, S., St-Jaques, J., Robillard, G. & Renaud, P., 2008. Anxiety increases the feeling of presence in virtual reality, Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 17(4):376-390.
6. Hani Alkurdi, , 2017. "VR Mobile Acrophobia Treatment", Academic Journal of Nawroz University, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 124-128. Available: 10.25007/ajnu. v6n3a95.
7. Renaud, P., Bouchard, S. & Proulx, R., 2002. Behavioral avoidance dynamics in the presence of a virtual spider, IEEE Trans. on Information Technology in Biomedicine, 6(3): 235-243.
8. Schuemie, M. J., Bruynzeel, M., Drost, L., Brinckman, M., de Haan, G. & EmmelKamp, P. M. G., 2000. Treatment of acrophobia in virtual reality: A pilot study. In F. Broeckx & L. Pauwels (Eds.), Euromedia, 271–275.
9. Botella , C., Baños, R., Quero, S., Perpiña, C. & Fabregat, S., 2004. TelePsychology and Self-Help: The treatment of phobias using the Internet, Cybertherapy, CD-ROM.
10. Botella, C., Juan, M.C., Baños, R.M., Alcañiz, M., Guillen, V. & Rey, B., 2005. Mixing realities? An Application of augmented reality for the treatment of cockroach phobia. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 8: 162-171.
11. Meyerbröker K, Morina N, Kerkhof G, Emmelkamp PM., 2010 . Virtual reality exposure treatment of agoraphobia: a comparison of computer automatic virtual environment and head-mounted display. Journal Article, Randomized Controlled Trial, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Comparative Study.
12. Discover New Possibilities with the Samsung Galaxy S8 and S8+: Smartphones Without Limits. (2019). from https://news.samsung.com /global/ discover-new-possibilities- with
13. the-samsung-galaxy-s8-a-smartphone-without-limits.
14. Amadeo, Ron, 2017. "Google's ARCore brings augmented reality to millions of Android devices". Ars Technica. Condé Nast.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors retain copyright
The use of a Creative Commons License enables authors/editors to retain copyright to their work. Publications can be reused and redistributed as long as the original author is correctly attributed.
- Copyright
- The researcher(s), whether a single or joint research paper, must sell and transfer to the publisher (the Academic Journal of Nawroz University) through all the duration of the publication which starts from the date of entering this Agreement into force, the exclusive rights of the research paper/article. These rights include the translation, reuse of papers/articles, transmit or distribute, or use the material or parts(s) contained therein to be published in scientific, academic, technical, professional journals or any other periodicals including any other works derived from them, all over the world, in English and Arabic, whether in print or in electronic edition of such journals and periodicals in all types of media or formats now or that may exist in the future. Rights also include giving license (or granting permission) to a third party to use the materials and any other works derived from them and publish them in such journals and periodicals all over the world. Transfer right under this Agreement includes the right to modify such materials to be used with computer systems and software, or to reproduce or publish it in e-formats and also to incorporate them into retrieval systems.
- Reproduction, reference, transmission, distribution or any other use of the content, or any parts of the subjects included in that content in any manner permitted by this Agreement, must be accompanied by mentioning the source which is (the Academic Journal of Nawroz University) and the publisher in addition to the title of the article, the name of the author (or co-authors), journal’s name, volume or issue, publisher's copyright, and publication year.
- The Academic Journal of Nawroz University reserves all rights to publish research papers/articles issued under a “Creative Commons License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction of the paper/article by any means, provided that the original work is correctly cited.
- Reservation of Rights
The researcher(s) preserves all intellectual property rights (except for the one transferred to the publisher under this Agreement).
- Researcher’s guarantee
The researcher(s) hereby guarantees that the content of the paper/article is original. It has been submitted only to the Academic Journal of Nawroz University and has not been previously published by any other party.
In the event that the paper/article is written jointly with other researchers, the researcher guarantees that he/she has informed the other co-authors about the terms of this agreement, as well as obtaining their signature or written permission to sign on their behalf.
The author further guarantees:
- The research paper/article does not contain any defamatory statements or illegal comments.
- The research paper/article does not violate other's rights (including but not limited to copyright, patent, and trademark rights).
This research paper/article does not contain any facts or instructions that could cause damages or harm to others, and publishing it does not lead to disclosure of any confidential information.