Practise on the theory of historical criticism on the Diwani (Stran u Bafr u Agir) of Moayad Tayib and (Leva nabim) of Rekesh Amedi
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25007/ajnu.v6n1a34Keywords:
Theoretical criticism, Uprising, Modern, EnvironmentAbstract
Since the emergence of the modern criticism theories, the aim of these theories was the focus on research and the analysis of literary texts scientifically and academically and according to specific data. The historical criticism theory is one of the first modern criticism theories adopted by many of pioneers of literature and has a group of scientific constituents that investigate the relationship between the text and its external aspects.
Generally, there are three stages of criticism theories: the first stage deals with the external aspects of the text .For example writer’s life, social situation, conditions and historical events. These external aspects are tools for structuralists and formalists. The second stage deals with the internal context of the literary text. This stage appeared at the beginning of the twentieth century as constructional criticism, modern criticism and structuralism.
The last stage pays attention to the readers’ role as semiology criticism, deconstruction criticism, reception theory …..etc. This theory is connected to external aspects of the text and it takes historical, political and social events as a means to analyze the literary text. According to this theory, the literary text is reflection of writer’s life conditions and the writer is a mirror for the social situations predominant during his era and education emerges from environment which is a part of the history. Therefore, the theory of historical criticism in the process of criticism emphasizes the writer’s life, predominant conditions and the environment that the literary text is their outcome.
The present study focuses on two collections of poems, namely “The songs and Snow and Fire “ by Muaaed Taeeb and “I will not retreat “ by Rekesh Amedy . The two collections were analyzed according to the three bases of historical criticism (Time, Environment, and Race).
The aim of this study is the explanation of the historical dimension of two collections of poems namely “The songs and Snow and Fire “ by Muaaed Taeeb and “I will not retreat “ by Rekesh Amedy . As a result of the analysis conducted on these two collections, it turned out that the historical criticism was one of the essential pillars of the creation of the theme and ideology of those poems.
Downloads
References
كارزان كریم امین،(2009): ئاراستهكانێ رهخنهى شعرى كوردى (بهنموونه ماستهرهكانى ئهدهب 1988- 2000ز)، ناما ماستهرێ، زانكویا سهلاحهددین، كولیژا زمان، ههولێر.
پهرتووك ب زمانێ كوردى:
ئهحمهد یاسین،(2015): بنهمایێن ڕهخنهیا ئهدهبى د رۆژنامهڤانییا دهڤهرا بادینا ندا (رۆژنامهیا وار وهك نموونه)، چاپا ئێكێ، چاپخانا خانى، دهوك.
انتصار نجیب جوقى,(1970-1991): شعر و مێژوو (پراكتیزهكرنا میتۆدا ڕهخنهیا مێژوویى ل سهر هۆزانا نوویا كوردى دهڤهرا بههدینان، چا پا ئێكێ، چاپخانا (Matris) توركیا،
ژبهلاڤكرنێن دهزگههێ سپیرێز،( 2016)، دهوك.
زهكى محمد سعدالله (رێكێش ئامێدی): لێڤهنابم، چاپخانا عهلائهدین، بهغدا، 198.
عبدى جاجى(د.): چهند تیۆرهكێن ڕهخنهیا ئهدهبى، چاپا ئێكێ، چاپخانا حجى هاشم، ژ بهلاڤكرنێن دهزگههێ سپیرێز، دهوك، 200.
كهمال مهعروف(د.) ،(2012): تیۆره نوێیهكانى رهخنهى ئهدهبى، چاپا ئێكێ، چاپخانهى لهریا، سلێمانى.
موئهیهد تهیب،(2009): ستران و بهفر و ئاگر، چ3، دهوك.
نعمت الله حامد نهێلى،(2010): دراڤهك ژ رهخنێ، چاپا ئێكێ، چاپخانا هاوار، ژ بهلاڤكرنێن ئێكهتیا نڤێسهرێن كورد- دهوك.
هیمداد حوسین(د.) ،(2010): دهروازیهك بو رهخنهى ئهدهبى نوێى كوردى، چاپا دووێ، چاپخانا باز، ههولێر.
پهرتووك ب زمانێ عهرهبى:
انریك أندرسون امبرت: مناهج النقد الادبى، ترجمه:
د. الطاهر احمد مكی،(1991)، مكتب الادب القاهره.
بسام قگوس(د.) ،(2004): دلیل النڤریه النقدیه المعاصره مناهج وتیارات، من منشورات جامعه الكویت.
حمید لحمدانى(د.),(1999): النقد التاریخى فی الادب، رۆیه جدیده، المجلس الاعلى للثقافه، المغرب.
شوقى ضیف،(1977): البحپ الادبى، صیفه، منهاجهه،- اصوله- مصادره، الطبعه السادسه، الدار المعارف، القاهره.
صلاح فچل(د.) ،(2002): مناهج النقد المعاصر ومصطلحاته، الطبعه الاولى، دار میربت للنشر والمعلومات، قاهره.
عمر محمد الگالب(د.) ،(1993): المژاهب النقدیه (دراسه و تطبیق)، من منشورات لدار لكتب للطباعه والنشر، الموصل.
ف. كلیللى، م. كوفالزون،(1970): المادیه التاریخیه، ترجمه: احمد داود، الطبعه الاولى، دار الجماهیر، دمشق.
لانسون و ماییه،(1982): منهج البحث فی الأدب واللغه، ترجمه: د. محمد مندور، الطبعه الثانیه، من منشورات الدار العلم للملایین، بیروت.
ماهر فهمی،(1962): المذاهب النقدیه، الطبعه الاولى، من منشورات مكتبه النهضه، القاهره.
هانى فراج على ابوبكر(د.) ،(1434-1435هجرى): النقد الحدیث، من منشورات جامعه ام القرى، كلیه لغه العربیه، السعودیه.
ولید قصاب (د.) ،(2007): مناهج النقد الأدبی الحدیث، رؤیه اسلامیه، منشورات الدار الفكر، الطبعه الاولى، دمشق.
4- گۆڤار ب زمانێ عهرهبى:
باتنلی زارف,(2005): فی النقد و تاریخ الأدب، ترجمه: د.عقیل مهدى یوسف، مجله الثقافه الاجنبیه، العدد المزدوج(3،4)، منشورات وازره الپقافه، العراق .
عزالدین اسماعیل ،(2006): مناهج النقد الادبى بین المعیاریه والوصفیه، مجله فصول، عدد 68.
5- سایتێن ئهنترنێتێ:
وعد العسكرى،(23/8/2007)، المنهج التاریخى فى النقد (مقاله) ئهلكترونیه، موقع الحوار المتمدن – العدد 2017.
http://www.ahewar.org/debat/show.art.asp?aid=106889
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors retain copyright
The use of a Creative Commons License enables authors/editors to retain copyright to their work. Publications can be reused and redistributed as long as the original author is correctly attributed.
- Copyright
- The researcher(s), whether a single or joint research paper, must sell and transfer to the publisher (the Academic Journal of Nawroz University) through all the duration of the publication which starts from the date of entering this Agreement into force, the exclusive rights of the research paper/article. These rights include the translation, reuse of papers/articles, transmit or distribute, or use the material or parts(s) contained therein to be published in scientific, academic, technical, professional journals or any other periodicals including any other works derived from them, all over the world, in English and Arabic, whether in print or in electronic edition of such journals and periodicals in all types of media or formats now or that may exist in the future. Rights also include giving license (or granting permission) to a third party to use the materials and any other works derived from them and publish them in such journals and periodicals all over the world. Transfer right under this Agreement includes the right to modify such materials to be used with computer systems and software, or to reproduce or publish it in e-formats and also to incorporate them into retrieval systems.
- Reproduction, reference, transmission, distribution or any other use of the content, or any parts of the subjects included in that content in any manner permitted by this Agreement, must be accompanied by mentioning the source which is (the Academic Journal of Nawroz University) and the publisher in addition to the title of the article, the name of the author (or co-authors), journal’s name, volume or issue, publisher's copyright, and publication year.
- The Academic Journal of Nawroz University reserves all rights to publish research papers/articles issued under a “Creative Commons License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction of the paper/article by any means, provided that the original work is correctly cited.
- Reservation of Rights
The researcher(s) preserves all intellectual property rights (except for the one transferred to the publisher under this Agreement).
- Researcher’s guarantee
The researcher(s) hereby guarantees that the content of the paper/article is original. It has been submitted only to the Academic Journal of Nawroz University and has not been previously published by any other party.
In the event that the paper/article is written jointly with other researchers, the researcher guarantees that he/she has informed the other co-authors about the terms of this agreement, as well as obtaining their signature or written permission to sign on their behalf.
The author further guarantees:
- The research paper/article does not contain any defamatory statements or illegal comments.
- The research paper/article does not violate other's rights (including but not limited to copyright, patent, and trademark rights).
This research paper/article does not contain any facts or instructions that could cause damages or harm to others, and publishing it does not lead to disclosure of any confidential information.